分类号学号 M201070486 学校代码10487 密级
硕士学位论文Morpho蝶翅变色特性研究与仿蝶翅
结构制备
学位申请人：江轩2021新年贺词
学科专业：机械工程
指导教师：史铁林教授
廖广兰教授
议论文是什么
答辩日期：2012年5月18日中心标板
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Master of Engineering
Investigation on Color Variation of Morpho Butterfly and Fabrication of Butterfly Scale-like Structures
Candidate : Jiang Xuan
Major : Mechanical Engineering
经常喝茶Advir : Professor Shi Tielin
Professor Liao Guanglan
Huazhong University of Science and Technology蒲公英的功效与作用
Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
May, 2012
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华中科技大学硕士学位论文
摘要
Morpho蝴蝶呈现显著闪耀的蓝色光泽，是自然界中生物结构色的典型代表。其结构色形成机理及仿生合成研究，一直是国际上研究的前沿和热点。本文着重对Morpho didius蝶翅在不同环境介质中的变色特性进行了深入研究，并开展了仿Morpho蝶翅的结构制备实验，主要内容及结论包括：
将甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇三种折射率不同的液体滴加到Morpho didius蝶翅鳞片表面，鳞片结构反射率下降，主波峰右移，蝶翅变为黄绿色；液体完全挥发后，又还原为蓝色。同时对蝶翅微纳结构进行建模，仿真分析出液体滴加过程中反射率的变化规律。进一步运用主成分分析方法对甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇滴加过程中反射率的实验和仿真数据进行主元提取和降维处理，在三主元坐标系中得到反射率的变化曲线，从而可以监测滴加液体时蝶翅结构的典型变色过程，并且通过映射点密集分布区域能够直观辨识出不同液体。对不同入射角度下两种Morpho蝶翅的反射率进行测量，结果表明随着入射角的增大，反射率曲线会下降，蝶翅的亮度下降；反射率曲线峰值的对应波长会在一定入射角度内基本保持
不变，蝶翅仍呈现蓝色；角度继续增大，反射率曲线主波峰下降左移，蝶翅颜色开始变化；增大到一定角度时，蝶翅偏紫色。
进一步以Morpho rhetenor蝴蝶鳞片为生物模板，先后基于溶胶凝胶技术和磁控溅射技术，借助烧结成型的遗态材料制备工艺，制备出部分仿Morpho蝶翅结构的氧化物，并对这两种工艺的优缺点进行对比分析。在溶胶凝胶工艺中对蝶翅模板的浸渍时间参数进行调控，通过对制备产物的微纳结构和成分进行观测，确定实验条件下最优的浸渍时间。基于磁控溅射技术的制备实验中得到脊肋状结构变形严重、出现明显卷曲褶皱的仿蝶翅结构Al2O3复制产物和具有规则排列的类光栅脊状结构、且脊间连接肋保留完好的仿蝶翅结构ZnO复制产物。
上述研究加深了对Morpho蝶翅结构色的变色机理及仿Morpho蝶翅结构制备工艺、潜在应用的了解，对具有环境检测功能的仿生微纳结构/器件的设计、制造、应用具有指导意义。
关键词：Morpho蝴蝶，变色现象，主成分分析，仿蝶翅，制备
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
Abstract
Morpho butterfly wings show brilliant blue color, which is a typical structural color in nature. The re
arch on mechanisms of its structural color and biomimetic synthetic has always been the rearch front and hot topic internationally. In this thesis, the color variation of Morpho didius butterfly wings in different environmental media was extraordinarily investigated, and experiment on fabrication of Morpho butterfly wing scale-like structures was performed. The main content and inclusion includes: When liquids such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol with different refractive indexes dropped onto the scales of Morpho didius butterfly, the reflectance of wings would decrea. The main peaks of reflectance shifted to the right and the scales turned to be yellow-green. After the liquids volatilized completely, the scales reverted to the original blue color. The typical micro/nanostructures of Morpho butterfly wing scales were modeled, and the reflectance variation in the cour of dropping liquids was simulated. Furthermore, the principal component analysis(PCA) method was employed to analyze the experimental and simulation reflectance data, extract principal components and reduce dimensions. As a result, the curves mapping the reflectance variation were clearly shown in the coordinate system consisting of three principal components. The typical color variation of scales during the dropping process could be monitored, and different kinds of liquids could be obviously distinguished according to the distributed regions of mapping points. Besides, the reflectance of two kinds of Morpho butterfly with veral different incident angles was measured parately. The results suggested the reflectance would decrea when the incident angle incread,
so would the brightness of butterfly. When the incident angle was below a certain degree, the wavelength corresponding to the main peak of reflectance nearly stayed the same and the butterfly always showed blue. As the incident angle continued increasing, the main peak of reflectance decread and shifted to the left. At the same time, the color of the butterfly wings started to change. After the incident angle incread to a high degree, the wings would tend to be purple.
Furthermore, the fabrication process bad on sol-gel and magnetron sputtering technique had been carried out in quence, which using Morpho rhetenor butterfly wings as biotemplates and calcination molding method subquently. Several oxides with butterfly scale-like structures was fabricated finally and both the merit and demerit of two process was compared. The soaking time of butterfly wings during sol-gel process was regulated and the optimal soaking time was carefully investigated, by obrving and measuring the micro/nanostructures and the composition of the different replica. On the other hand, as the products of the experiment bad on magnetron sputtering technique,
