Period | Historical Background | Life Time | Name | CN Name | Writings | CN Writings | Notes |
Early&Medieval Period449-1485 早期中世纪时期 poetry; Romance; Popular ballad | 英国中世纪文学史大致可分为盎格鲁-撒克逊The Anglo-Saxon Period;449-1066和中古英语The Middle English Period;1066-1485两个时期.. The making of the England: Jutes; Angles and Saxons invaded Albion and combined into one United Kingdom-the England.Their dialects gradually grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon; or Old English.Feudal system was established；Roman Catholic Church controlled over the country. | 700-750 | Boewulf | 贝奥武甫 | 英国的民族史诗the national epic of the English people stricking feature: alliteration; metaphors and understatements. | ||
1343-1400 | Geoffrey Chaucer | 杰弗利·乔叟 | The Canterbury TalesMasterpiece | 坎特伯雷故事集 | the Father of English poetry英国诗歌之父;the forerunner of English renaissance英国文艺复兴先驱; metrical form 格律形式 laid the foundation of the English ver格律形式奠定了基础的英语节律;the heroic couplet英雄双韵体 | ||
Renaissance Period Humanism late 15th century ~ early 17th century 文艺复兴 伊丽莎白时代The Elizabethan Age的英国戏剧是英国文艺复兴时期所有文学形式中最辉煌的一种;代表了英国乃至整个欧洲文艺复兴时期文学创 作的最高成就.. poetry sonnet and blank ver; drama; essay | The Wars of the Ros 1455-1485 and Tudor dynasty which was established by Henry VII in 1485. Reformation: Protestantism became the official national religion. The Enclosure movement: compelled peasants to become the hired laborers for the merchants. Flourishing in the Elizabethan Age: The commercial expansion and the ri of bourgeoisie. The war with Spain: in 1588; the Spanish Armada was defeated. England had sovereignty over the as. 文艺复兴具有三个主要特征:古希腊、罗马文化的复兴；知识的复兴;人文主义运动的发展.. | 1478-1535 | Thomas More | 托马斯·莫尔 | Utopia | 乌托邦 | 悄悄理想国;空想主义的代名词;开创英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河 the first to introduce the Sonnet into English literature首先把十四行诗译成英语文学 |
1552-1599 | Edmund Spenr | 埃德蒙·斯宾赛 | The Faerie Queen | 仙后 | the poets’ poet诗人中的诗人 歌颂女王;宣扬人文主义思想 The Spenrian Stanza斯宾塞诗体 | ||
1564-1593 | Christopher Marlowe | 克里斯扥夫·马洛 | Dr Fauctus Tamburlaine The Jew of Malta | 浮士德博士的悲剧 帖木耳大帝 马耳他的犹太人 | The Renaissance exploration spirit and extreme individualism spirit文艺复兴探索精神和极端的个人主义精神; the greatest playwright before Shakespeare莎士比亚之前最伟大的剧作家;“University Wit”大学才子派; the pioneer of English drama | ||
1564-1616 | William Shakespeare | 威廉·莎士比亚游泳转身 | Four comedies： 1.A midsummer night’s dream 2.The Merchant of Venice 3.As You Like it 4.Twelfth night Four tragedies: 1.Hamlet 2.Othello 3.King Lear 4.The tragedy of Macbeth The Tempest | 四大喜剧： 1.仲夏夜之梦 2.威尼斯商人 3.皆大欢喜 4.第十二夜 四大悲剧： 1.哈姆雷特 2.奥赛罗 3.李尔王 4.麦克白 暴风雨 | above all writers in the past and in the prent time;he produced 2 long narrative poems; 154 sonnets and 38 plays两首长诗歌;154首十四行诗和38部戏剧;reprents the climax of the Renaissance代表了文艺复兴时期的高潮;one of the first founders of realism第一个现实主义的创始人之一;an encyclopedia of the Elizabethan Age伊丽莎白时代的百科全书;the largest command of vocabulary他有最大的词汇量;Aeschylus and Shakespeare as “ the two greatest dramatic genius the world has ever known”埃斯库罗斯和莎士比亚是“两个世界历来所知最伟大的戏剧天才” | ||
1561-1626 | Francis Bacon | 弗兰西斯·培根 | Essays Of Studies | 论说文集 论读书 | champion of modern science 现代科学拥护者;散文家;题材广泛 | ||
17th century poetry; comedy; pro | English Revolution 1649 The establishment of a Commonwealth The monarchy was restored 1660 Glorious Revolution1688 17世纪前60年;是一个动荡不安;风云际会的时代：期间爆发了震惊世界的英国清教革命..事实上;早在16世纪末;伊丽莎白女王统治晚期;英国社会已危机暗伏..1588年;英国战胜了西班牙无敌舰队;取得海上霸主的地位..外患既去;内忧渐起;一致对外时被搁置一旁的种种矛盾逐渐暴露了出来;并迅速激化：以宗教改革为目的的清教实力日益壮大;矛头直指黑暗腐败的国教；议会和王权间摩擦频繁;新兴资产阶级羽翼渐丰;不甘雌伏于王权之下；兼之两任斯图亚特王詹姆士一世和查理一世缺乏政治才能;政府腐化;人民的不满情绪高涨;1642年英国内战终于爆发.. 7世纪上半叶;影响英国的不仅是清教革命;一场思想革命也在悄然展开..现代天文学家哥白尼Nicolaus Copernicus;1473～1543大胆提出了日心说;推翻了地球是宇宙中心的观念.. | 1572-1631 | John Donne The metaphysical玄学派 | 约翰·邓恩 | The Flea Death Be Not Proud The Songs and Sonnets A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning | 跳蚤 死神你别骄傲 歌谣与十四行诗 离别辞：节哀 | the founder of Metaphysical poetry writing on love; death and religion形而上学的诗歌的创始人写爱情、死亡和宗教;The Metaphysical Conceit玄学奇喻cynicism犬儒主义 |
1608-1674 | John Milton The puritan 清教徒 | 约翰·弥尔顿 | Lycidas Areopagitica Paradi Lost Paradi Regained Samson Agonistes | 利西达斯 夏天夏天悄悄过去为英国人民申辩 失乐园 复乐园 力士参孙 | a great revolutionary poet 梦幻西游门派闯关of the 17th century17世纪的伟大的革命诗人;a great master of blank ver无韵诗的大师;the most perfect example of the ver drama after the Greek style in English英语诗歌戏剧之后希腊风格是最完美的例子 | ||
1628-1688 | John Bunyan The puritan 清教徒 | 约翰·班杨 | The Pilgrim’s Progress | 天路历程 | A Puritan pro writer一个清教徒散文作家;allegory梦幻宗教寓言; In the 17th century British social realistic picture 17世纪英国社会现实主义图景 | ||
1631-1700 | John Dryden The cavalier | 约翰·德莱顿 | All for Love | 一切为了爱情 | Age of Dryden the greatest poet between Milton and Pope poet laureate桂冠诗人 The greatest Restoration works are the worldly; witty comedies Comedy of manners风俗喜剧. | ||
Neoclassical Period 1660-1798 Enlightenment 启蒙文学时期 Neoclassicism 新古典主义时期 poetry; drama; fiction | A period of comparatively peaceful development Industrial Revolution Enlightenment启蒙运动 The struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. 18世纪的英国政局相对稳定;资本主义经济得以持续发展;国力强盛;不断发动对外战争;在世界各地建立了许多殖民地和半殖民地..工业革命方兴为艾、圈地运动仍在继续..资产阶级与劳动人民的矛盾日益突出;各地爆发了无数次起义..爱尔兰人民也掀起了民族解放运动.. | 1672-1719 1672-1729 | Joph Addison Richard Steele | 约瑟夫·艾迪生 理查德·斯第尔 | The Tatler The Spectator | 云南少数民族有哪些闲谈者 旁观者 | provide a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie. In their hands; the English essay completely established itlf as a literary genre. Using it as a form of character sketching and story-telling; they ushered in the dawn of the modern novel. 开创了现代小说的黎明 |
1688-1744 | Alexander Pope | 亚历山大·蒲伯 | An Essay on Criticism The Rape of the Lock The Dunciad Essay on Man | 论批评 夺发记 群愚史诗 人论 | 英国诗史上艺术造诣最高的诗人之一;18世纪新古典主义的代表人物; the heroic couplet英雄双韵体 | ||
1660-1731 | Daniel Defoe | 丹尼尔·笛福 | Robinson Crusoe Captain Singleton Moll Flanders | 鲁滨逊漂流记 辛格顿船长 摩尔·弗兰德斯 | Founding of realist novel 现实主义小说的创始之作 the father of English novels 英国小说之父 | ||
1667-1745 | Jonathan Swift | 乔纳森·斯威夫特 | Gulliver’s Travels A modest Proposal Tale of a Tub The Battle of the Books | 格列佛游记 一个温和的建议 木桶的故事 书的战争 | The most powerful satirist of the age时代最强大的讽刺作家; 中国先锋队队歌Attacked the social darkness and evil抨击了社会黑暗和罪恶 | ||
1689-1761 | Samuel Richardson | 塞缪尔·里查逊 | Pamela | 帕美勒 | his emphasis on detail; his psychological insights into women; and his dramatic technique have earned him a prominent place among English novelists. 注重细节;关于女性的心理洞察;和他的戏剧技能王姓氏的来源为他赢得了在英语小说家着名之处 | ||
1707-1754 | Henry Fielding | 亨利·菲尔丁 | The History of Tom Jones;a Foundling | 汤姆·琼斯 | He was the first to give the modern novel its structure and style Comic epic in pro散文体喜剧史诗 第一个创造现代小说结构和风格的人 Father of English novelthe third-person narration 英国小说之父 | ||
1721-1771 | Tobias George Smollett | 托拜厄斯·乔治· 斯摩莱特 | Roderick Random Humphry Clinker | 蓝登传 亨弗利·克林克 | 小说叙事幽默、描写细腻;对19 世纪的着名小说家狄更斯的影响很大.. | ||
1713-1768 | Laurence Sterne | 劳伦斯·斯特恩 | The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy;Gentleman Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy | 商第传 感伤旅行 | precursor to modern stream-of-consciousness novels 商第传目的是为了教育人更好的真爱世界和同胞.. 商第传和感伤旅行都以描写人物心理感受见长..是18世纪中后期英国感伤主义小说的重要代表作品.. | ||
1709-1784 | Samuel Johnson | 赛缪尔·约翰逊 | A Dictionary of the English Language To the Right Honorable The Earl of Chesterfield Lives of the Poets | 英语大词典 致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信 诗人传 | 18世纪英国人文主义文学批评的巨擘;散文家;词典编纂家;英语史上第一部标准辞书 | ||
劳动法加班费1730-1774 | Oliver Goldsmith | 奥利佛·哥尔德斯密斯 | The Citizen of the World The Derted Village The Vicar of Wakefield | 世界公民 荒村 威克菲尔德牧师传 | 世界公民在中西文化关系史上占有重要地位.. | ||
1716-1771 | Thomas Gray Graveyard Poet墓园派 | 扥马斯·格雷 | Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard | 墓园挽歌 | Graveyard Poet墓园派诗人;dislike of age chaos state and desire to "natural simple peaceful"对时代纷乱状态的厌恶和对“自然简朴安详”的向往 | ||
1751-1816 | Richard Brinsley Sheridan | 查理·布林斯莱· 谢里丹 | The Rivals The School for Scandal | 情敌 造谣学校 | He is considered to be the only important English dramatist of the 18th century他被认为是唯一重要的18世纪英国剧作家最有成就的喜剧家;Morality is the constant theme 道德是不变的主题 | ||
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