第3章美国的起始
Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or fal (F):
1. The question “What is an American?” was first asked by J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur. _____
【答案】T
【解析】什么样的人叫美国人？这一经典的问题是由法国农人赫克托·圣约翰·德克雷夫科尔在他的《美国农人书简》一书中提出来的。
2. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. _____
【答案】T
【解析】克里斯托弗·哥伦布是西班牙著名航海家，于1492年第一个发现美洲大陆。
3. The first English permanent ttlement was founded in California. _____
【答案】F
【解析】1607年，英国有3艘船只行驶到北美，殖民者史密斯等在弗吉尼亚亨利角登陆，并定居下来。
4. Massachutts was established by English puritans who parated themlves from the Roman Catholic Church. _____
【答案】F
【解析】这批出逃的清教徒并非是从罗马天主教反叛而出，而是从英国国教中反叛而出。
5. The state of Pennsylvania ud to be inhabited by the Quakers. _____
【答案】T
【解析】宾夕法尼亚州曾属于威廉佩恩，而他本人则信仰贵格派，他决定按照贵格会的理想，建立一个宗教信仰和政治自由的地方。因此宾州是美国第一个宗教信仰自由的地方。
6. The theory of politics of the American Revolution came from John Locke, a French philosopher in the 17th century. _____
【答案】F
【解析】洛克是十七世纪英国著名哲学家。
7. By the early 1760s, the 13 English Colonies in North America were ready to
parate themlves from Europe. _____
【答案】T
【解析】1760年之前，北美处于英国统治下，民族情绪高涨。
8. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regarded as the founding fathers of the United States of America. _____
川味辣椒油【答案】F
【解析】美国的国父不只一位，如乔治·华盛顿，托马斯·杰斐逊，约翰·亚当斯，本杰明·富兰克林。亚
伯拉罕·林肯并不在其列。
Ⅱ. Choo the correct answer to each of the following questions:
1. Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution?
A. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.
B. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with American Indians.
C. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with blacks.
D. The American had the blood of the English and their descendants only.
【答案】A
【解析】美国独立战争时间为1775至1783年。在此之前，大批欧洲移民移居美国。
2. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe?
A. The growth of capitalism.
窦娥冤滚绣球
B. The Renaissance.
C. The Religious Reformation.
D. The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.
【答案】D
【解析】16世纪宗教改革运动兴起后，罗马天主教就成为现代欧洲发展的阻碍力量，而非促进力量。
3. The following were the main Reformation leaders except _____.
A. Martin Luther
B. Martin Luther King
征税率C. John Calvin
D. The English King Henry Ⅷ
【答案】B
【解析】马丁路德金是美国著名民权运动领袖，而非宗教改革的领袖。
4. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except _____.
A. challenging the authority of the Pope
B. salvation through faith
C. salvation through the church
D. establishing a direct contact with God
【答案】C
【解析】新教认为既然只凭信心即可得救，那么信徒人人均可为祭司，无须神职人员作为神人之间的中介，所以不需要去教堂才可以获得救赎。
5. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?
A. paration of state and church.
B. respect of education.
C. intolerant moralism.
D. a n of mission.游戏英语
【答案】A
动画片图片【解析】清教主要赞许现世财富的积累，提倡节俭、勤奋的进取精神。而且重视教育，同时具有很强的使命感。
6. Lord Baltimore’s feudal plan failed not becau _____.
A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland
B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible
C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce
D. the English king did not like the plan
【答案】D
【解析】巴尔的摩勋爵的封建计划失败的原因在于：新教徒具有资本主义思想并占民众中的多数；土地广阔而劳动力稀少。
7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except _____.
A. George Washington
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. William Penn
D. Benjamin Franklin
【答案】C
【解析】英国斯图亚特王朝时期的一对同名父子，父亲是海军上将，在两次英荷战争中立有战功，儿子是宾夕法尼亚殖民地的开创者，崇尚自由和民主。
8. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly
from _____.地方债券
A. George Washington
海英菜B. Thomas Jefferson
C. John Adams
D. John Locke
【答案】D
【解析】在美国革命开始之前，洛克这些早期思想家的作品成为了像孟德斯鸠这些人的分析研究对象，而一些美国开创者的自然神论以及他们认为合适的政府体系，则都是来自于启蒙运动中政教分离与关于自由的观点。
9. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?
A. Catholics.
B. Puritans.
C. Quakers.肉螺
D. Church of England.
【答案】A
【解析】天主教是基督宗教的三大宗派之一，其正式名称为“罗马天主教会”或“罗马公教会”，即由罗马教宗领导的教会。
10. “No taxation without reprentation” was the rallying cry of _____.
A. the ttlers of Virginia
B. the people of Pennsylvania
