东江湖旅游
v-ing用法(一)
pass
--------作主语和宾语
v.-ing形式若用作主语或者宾语时,也称为动名词。
1.v.-ing形式有时态和语态的变化,结构如下表:
时态语态 | 主动语态 | 微博招聘 被动语态 |
一般时 | doing | being done |
完成时 | having done | having been done |
| | |
E.g. She regretted having wasted so much time. 她后悔浪费了这么多的时间。
He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child.
2.v.-ing形式的复合结构
(1)物主代词或名词所有格与v.-ing形式构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
形容词性物主代词+doing 名词’s+doing
代词宾格+doing 名词+doing
E.g. Mary’s being late for class made her teacher angry. 玛丽上课迟到使的她的老师很生气。
(2)v.-ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时,不能用两种形式;作宾语时, 四种形式都可以。
E.g. Do you mind me coming late for the film? 你介意我看电影来迟了吗?
3. v.-ing作主语
防污隔断阀(1)v.-ing直接放在句首作主语,句子谓语动词用单数。
Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 集邮是很好的爱好。
无素(2)v.-ing在“it is no u/ no good/ fun/ a waste of time/ no pleasure 等名词+doing”结构中作主语,it 作形式主语。
E.g. It is no u complaining; he can’t understand you.
(3)v.-ing在“it is uless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容词+doing”结构中作主语,it为形式主语。
E.g. It is uless speaking.
(4)v.-ing 形式短语用作主语时,常常由形容词性的物主代词或者名词所有格构成。
E.g. Your being right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。
蹲踞式起跑(5)v.-ing形式和to do不定式作主语的区别:一般说来,在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多使用v.-ing形式;在表示具体的动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式。
E.g. To do such sort of thing is foolish. 做这种事真傻。
Smoking is harmful to our health. 吸烟有害健康。
4. v.-ing 作宾语
(1)有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。这样的动词有:escape 逃避;enjoy 喜欢;admit 承认;practi 练习;appreciate 欣赏; finish 完成;prevent 防止; avoid 避免;forbid 禁止;consider考虑;forgive 宽恕; imagine 想象;risk 冒险;dislike讨厌;mind在意;save挽救;miss错过;suggest 建议;propo建议;pardon 原谅;permit 允许;advi建议 …
I suggest buying the book.
宋代经济的发展(2)有些动词短语后也要求跟v.-ing 作宾语,这样的动词短语有:
can’t stand 忍不住; can’t help 情不自禁;feel like 想,欲; put off 推迟 …
E.g. Do you feel like taking a walk? 你要不要去散步?
After reading the joke, I can’t help laughing.
(3)v.-ing 常跟在介词后作介词的宾语。这样的短语有:instead of 代替,而不是;look forward to 期盼,盼望;be good at; dream of; be interested in; insist on; t about; adapt to 适应;be ud to 适应; to...; care about; …
E.g. We are looking forward to receiving your letter.
I will go shopping instead of staying at home.
(4)下列动词可用v.-ing形式,也可用不定式作宾语,意义区别不大。如begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, hate, intend等。
E.g. Price will continue to ri/rising.
They began to make /making their study plan.他们开始制定学习计划。
(5)有一类动词(短语)既可接.-ing 也可接不定式,但意义区别较大。
remember / regret / forget 记着/ 遗憾/忘记要做……
remember / regret / 记着/ 遗憾/忘记已经做了……
try 尽力去做…… mean 打算、意欲去做……
试着去做…… 意味着……
stop 停下来去做另一件事can’t 禁不住做……
stop doing ... 停止正在做的事 can’t help 不能帮着做……
(6)在“have difficulty (trouble, a problem, a hard time, fun, a ) in +v.-ing ; be busy (in) v.-ing; waste time(in) +v.-ing; spend + time/ money (in)+ doing; There is no point(in) + v.-ing”等结构中,v.-ing 作介词宾语,in常常要省去。
E.g. The children are busy playing their game.
I have some difficulty in finishing the work in only one day.
(7)用it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语放在后面。
主语+ think/ consider/ find/ feel like/ ... + it + no u / uless/ no good/ ...+doing
E.g. I think it good getting up early in the morning.
I found it uless (no u) arguing about it.
5. v.-ing 的被动式
(1)动词need,require,want,derve后,用v.-ing 的主动形式表示被动意义。其用法相当于不定式的被动结构。
E.g. The watch needs mending. = The watch needs to be mended.
(2)be worth 后面只能用v.-ing 的主动形式来表示被动意义。
E.g. The book is worth reading.
v.-ing 用法(二)
------v.-ing 作定语、表语和宾语补足语
v.-ing 包括两类:动名词和现在分词。它们形式一样,但是功能完全不同。
动名词:作主语、宾语、表语、定语
现在分词:作表语、定语、状语、补语
1. v.-ing 作定语
v.-ing 形式可以当成动名词和现在分词,都可以作定语。
他唑巴坦
(1)动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的功能和用途。被修饰名词与动名词没有逻辑上的主谓关系;可用“名词+for+动名词”来表达;动名词通常只能位于所修饰的名词前。
a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 游泳池