概要写作
分类（叙述类&论说类）讲解
1. 叙述类文章
【文本分析】
叙述类文章主要叙事，即讲述一个故事，往往涵盖5WH（Who, What, When, Where, Why, How）等信息，根据故事的情节发展（Plot Development），文本基本可以分成五个部分：
●引入（Exposition）：作为故事的开端，主要交代故事的背景（时间、地点、主要人物、矛盾冲
颜氏家训突等）；
●发展（Rising action）：故事矛盾冲突不断变化发展的过程；
●高潮（Climax）：故事矛盾冲突的转折点，故事最紧张的部分；
●结局（Falling action）：故事发展的结局，矛盾冲突的最终解决；
●尾声（Resolution）：故事结局的影响，以及作者的总结、思考。
其中，“尾声”部分并不属于情节发展的必要部分，因此并非所有叙述类文章都具备。
【概要写作步骤】
省多音字组词①根据情节发展的阶段，将文本分成四到五个部分。
②圈划符合该部分功能、推动情节发展的主要内容，用一句话进行总结。
③用精炼的语言连接，润色每个部分的概述性句子。
④认真检查，自检标准：5WH
【例题解析】
Meet The Member Who Quit Sugar
When I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.
I was a size 20+and hated the way I looked. I was a rial big eater and quite depresd. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.
It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn’t feel confident, pretty, or worthwhile.
Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends becau they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abu mylf; my skin and my mind became my enemy.
But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.
It started with my mum. She staged an intervention(干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change -I needed to change - and she could e how unhappy I was.
She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and - to my shock horror - cut out all procesd sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three o’clock hunger hits.
But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.
I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routin
e; I began to love that personal time.
⑤Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So
many people are intimidated by the words “quit sugar”. It’s not true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.
1333年Now I’m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of mylf. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dress or skirts, and take leadership roles to put mylf out there and develop my social skills.
I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themlves and change their diet - quitting sugar or otherwi - to share their decision with people. Develop a support network,online or offline, which can offer you advice or pick you up when you’re down.And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourlf too.
Possible version of the summary
Passage A
Before quitting sugar, she was low-spirited about her overweight. Then her mom stepped in and required her to follow a diet to quit sugar. Despite initial discomfort, she was gradually ud to eating and living healthily. With her weight lost, she felt better and regained confidence. To do this right, we need to take action and ek support.元宵节来历
(59 words)
Passage B
After experiencing a lot of heartbreaking moments due to her overweight, the author made up her mind to go diet by quitting sugar. She turned to her mother and healthy food. After struggling with her weight and sugar-eating habit, now she has lost 30 kg and feels much better than ever before. Her experience is to take action and support. (60 words)
2. 论说类文章
1）现象分析型
【文本分析】
【概要写作步骤】
①根据此类文章的基本结构，将文本分为三个部分。
如何去法令纹
②圈划各个部分的内容要点。
③撰写概要。概要由以下三个部分组成：
●第一部分：现象具体表现的关键信息。
●第二部分：现象的分析或说明等主题句及支持性细节的关键信息。
第三部分（如有）：文本所提供的影响、评论等其他信息。
④用精炼的语言连接、润色每个部分。
⑤认真检查。自检标准：现象的具体表现，以及围绕其进行分析、评论的主题句与支持性细节的关键词句。
【例题解析】
Gene Therapy
“We ud to think that our fate was in our stars, but now we know that, in large measure, our fate is in our genes,” said James Watson. Watson is a molecular (分子的）biologist and co-discoverer of DNA structure. Why? Scientists are eing that gene therapy is revolutionizing the treatment of dia.
In gene therapy, healthy genes are introduced into defective(有缺陷的）cells to prevent or cure dia. While much of the rearch is in the beginning stages, some success point to the real benefit of the therapy. In Italy, doctors have recently treated one genetic dia with gene therapy. This dia most often begins to destroy the brain when children are between 1 and 2, stopping them from walking and talking. By inrting normal, healthy genetic material into a virus and then inf
ecting the patients, scientists em to be able to cure the dia. Although the children given the therapy still need follow-up treatments, they now lead a relatively normal life.
Gene therapy has also been ud to help older patients. The people suffer from a dia that caus slow movement and uncontrollable shaking becau part of the brain dies. Tho treated with gene therapy showed a 23.1 percent improvement when tested six months later.
Gene therapy appears to be a more positive alternative to surgery or medicine and is an exciting new approach that is just making the news. Rearchers hope that in the coming years, every genetic dia will have gene therapy as its treatment. But more rearch is needed to assure its safety.
Possible version of the summary:
Gene therapy, intended to prevent or cure dia by inrting healthy genes into faulty cells, is changing the treatment of dia revolutionarily. Though still in the initial phas, gene theory has benefited both children and older patients with genetic dia by improving their conditions. However, more rearch should be done to ensure it’s safe. (54 words)
2）因果关系型
【文本分析】
【概要写作步骤】
①根据此类文章的基本结构，将文本分为两到三个部分。
②圈划各个部分的内容要点。
③撰写概要。概要由以下三个部分组成：
无眉●第一部分：现象的具体表现，以及引出“原因”的关键信息；
●第二部分：每个原因的主题句与支持性细节的关键词；
●第三部分（如有）：总结部分的关键词。
春季吃什么菜④用精炼的语言连接、润色每个部分。
⑤认真检查。自检标准：每个部分的主题句，以及每个原因的主题句与展开说明。
【例题解析1】
Shyness
识字大王If you suffer from shyness,you are not alone,for shyness is a universal phenomenon. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental caus.
The first environmental cau of shyness many be a child’s home and family life. Today’s children are growing up in smaller and smaller families,with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time,children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbours and friends. Becau of their lack of social skills,they may begin to feel shy when they start school.
A cond environmental cau of shyness in an individual may be one’s culture. In a large study conducted in Japan,55 percent participants rated themlves as shy. Rearchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say,, “One expectation is that in Japan,an individual’s performance success is cr
edited externally to parents,grandparents,teachers,coaches,and others,while failure is entirely blamed on the person.” Therefore,Japane learn not to take risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions.
Technology may play a role as well. In the United States,the number of young people who report being shy has rin from40 percent to 50 percent in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology,watching television,playing video games,and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults,too,are becoming more isolated as a result of technology. Face-to-face interactions with bank tellers,gas station attendants,and store clerks are no longer necessary becau people can u machines to do their banking,fill their gas tanks,and order goods. In short,they become shy.
It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore,if you are shy,you have lots of company.
Possible version of the summary:
Shyness is common and it has environmental caus,including home and family life,culture and technology. Firstly,with smaller families and working patents,children lack social interactions. Second
ly,blaming failure on individuals caus people in some culture to be shy in public. Finally,with the development of technology,people have fewer opportunities to socialize in person. (56)
【例题解析2】
Learning by Rote in the Digital Age
Rote learning has become en as an outdated method of teaching. The dictionary defines learning “by rote”
as “from memory,without thought of the meaning, in a mechanic way.”
The decline of rote learning has been quickened by technology. No one needs to memorize friends’ phone numbers or email address becau such data is conveniently stored and accessible electronically. And why remember when and where World War II broke out when you can find the answer on the internet in about six conds? But now there are voices for a need to return to rote learning.
In fact,memorizing key data is esntial to learning any skills. Doctoring requires knowledge of medicine and layering requires knowledge of cas and laws. Of cour,being able to recall things w
ill not further your understanding of tho things,but without memorizing the foundation elements,you cannot progress to a deeper understanding of a subject.
While the internet and computers have weakened the need for us to remember things,it may well be that mobile learning can help can help bring style of learning back to life by making it more convenient and more fun.
Drilling yourlf----with flashcards or by repetition---- is usually hard and boring work,which is why most people need their multiplication tables to be drilled into them by teachers or parents. Rote learning without a willing third party can be a battle of discipline and motivation. But mobile learning can make tho flashcards and drills more appropriate to individual study; our digital devices can challenge and inform us at the same time and also keep us motivated,whether through game-like structures or recording our progress. Once you�6�8re acquired the esntials of a subject by rote learning,you will find it easier to go deeper in the application of knowledge which is important. (303 words)
Possible version of the summary:
Rote learning means mechanical memorization. Although technology makes it less needed,its value i
s being rediscovered. Rote learning helps people acquire basic knowledge,laying a foundation for further understanding. In fact,technology makes mobile learning possible,which motivates learning in rote learning and makes memorization more interesting and individualized. (49 words)
3）问题解决型
【文本分析】
【概要写作步骤】
①根据此类文章的基本结构，将文本分为三个部分。
②圈划各个部分的内容要点。
③撰写概要。概要由以下三个部分组成：
●第一部分：问题具体内容的关键信息；
●第二部分：原因或反应的具体内容及展开说明的关键信息；
