专题十三 主谓一致和倒装句
Knowledge comb
考点一：主谓一致
(一)语法一致
语法一致是指主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也必须采用复数形式。
1．以单数名词或代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
My brother is very tall.我弟弟很高。
2．主语为第三人称单数，或一些习惯用作单数名词或不可数名词的词，如money， information， clothing等，谓语动词用单数。
3．主语为单个的不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Running is good for us.跑步对我们来说很有益处。
注：what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况下用单数形式，但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词可以用复数形式。
4．由连词 and或 and连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
Mike and Jack are good students.迈克和杰克是好学生。
注：如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no，each，every，more than a/an，many a/an修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
The writer and scientist has come. 这位作家兼科学家已经来了。
四级听力高频词汇
5．主语后跟with，along with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词的数由前面主语的单复数来决定，不受短语的影响。
Mr.Brown，together with his children，has come to China.布朗先生和他的孩子们一起来到了中国。
大叶千斤拔6．某些只有复数形式的名词，如trours，clothes，glass等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；如有单位量词时，谓语应和单位量词保持一致。
His trours are too long.他的裤子太长了。
给男朋友的情话
最好的跑车7．“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The number of students in our class is fifty-four. 我们班学生人数为54。
注：“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
8．主语为由 some，every，any，no构成的复合代词，或由 either，neither，each作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Everything goes well.一切顺利。
9．在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
She is one of my classmates who are working hard. 她是我同学中学习十分努力的一个。
(二)意义一致
意义一致是谓语动词的单复数要与主语意义上的单复数一致。即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。
1．表示重量、时间、长度、价格、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Ten years is a long time. 十年是很长的一段时间。
2．集体名词，如 family，group，class，population，team，public等作主语时，若看作一个整体，其谓语动词用单数；若强调其中的每一个成员，则谓语动词用复数。
His family is a happy one.他家是个快乐的家庭。
The whole family are having supper.全家人正在吃晚饭。
注：police，people，cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
The police haven't caught the thief yet. 警方还没抓住窃贼。
3．“some/the rest/all/most of the＋名词”等既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词，谓语动词的单复数由被修饰的名词决定。
Some of the summer camps are in the countryside or on the lake.其中一些夏令营驻扎在乡村或湖上。
The rest of the money was given to him. 剩下的钱都给了他。
4．分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词要与它们所指代的名词的数一致。
Two thirds of the work has been finished. 工作已完成了三分之二。
5．“the＋形容词”作主语时，若表示一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；若表示抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。“the＋姓氏名词复数”表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇”，当其在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The blind need more help. 盲人需要更多的帮助。
The Greens are Americans.格林一家是美国人。
6．当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
Harry Potter is an interesting book. 《哈里·波特》是一本有趣的书。
7．以 ics结尾的表示学科的名词，如 physics，politics，mathematics(maths)等以及一些形式上是复数形式的专有名词，如 James等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
I think physics is easy.我认为物理很容易。
The United Nations was founded in 1945. 联合国成立于1945年。
(三)就近一致
就近一致是指谓语动词的数与并列主语中最靠近它的那个主语保持一致。
1．当两个主语由or，， .， ， ， 连接时，谓语动词和它相邻的主语保持 一致。
Neither he nor I am going to Beijing. 他和我都不去北京。
2. 在there be句型中或以here等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，谓语动词be应与后面的主语保持一致。当后面的主语不止一个时，be应与最靠近它的那个主语的人称和数保持一致。
There are ten desks and a chair in the classroom. 教室里有10张课桌和1把椅子。
In-Class Exercis
41. They won’t let their teacher _______ in that way.
A. to be treated B. being treated C. treated D. be treated
42. John, you must get your room ________ after breakfast.
A. to be cleaned B. to clean
C. cleaning D. cleaned
43. The problem _______ at tomorrow’s meeting is a very difficult one.
A. being discusd B. discusd C. to be discusd D. to discuss
44. He reached the station _____ only _____ that the train had just left.
A. tired； learned 五七有什么讲究B. tiring； learning
年丰C. to tire； to learn D. tired； to learn
多少钱用英语怎么说45. --- Did that book give the information you needed?
--- Yes, but ______, we had to read it almost entirely.
A. for finding it B. to find it
C. finding it D. by finding it
46. I’m sorry I forgot ______your dictionary. Let’s borrow one from Li Ming.
魔法校园 A. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing
47. She couldn’t decide which restaurant _______.
A. to have lunch B. to eat
C. to eat at D. eating at
48. This problem is said _____ three times.
A. to have been talked B. to have discusd
C. having been discusd D. to have been talked about
49. Everybody believed the man ______ away the diamond ring.
A. be taken B. taking C. to take D. to have taken
