Unit 4 Australia Words:
Unit 1 The Land and the People
hemisphere n. 半球
mainland n. 大陆
elevation n. 海拔
plateau n. v. 高原，稳定期
outback n. the outback（澳大利亚的）内地
内陆地区
massive a. 极大的；结实的；强有力的monolith n. 独块巨石
gulf n. 海湾；波斯湾
intermittent a. 间歇的；断断续续的artesian well n. 自流井
basin n. 盆地
gorge n. 峡谷；峡
range n. 范围
abundant a. 丰富的；充足的hemisphere n. 半球
span v. 横跨；跨越
unreliable a. 不可信任的；不可靠的distribution n 分布；分配
distinct a. 独特的；明显的
climatic a. 气候的；水土的
tropic n. 热带
sub tropic n. 亚热带
subtropical a. 亚热带的
the Mediterranean n. 地中海气候
arid a. 干旱的
sub-arid a. 半干旱的
fringe n. 边缘
regime n 状况；状态
graze v. 放牧
principally ad.. 主要地
cereal a. 谷物的
intensive agriculture 密集型农业extensive a. 粗放的；广博的；大量的extensive grazing 粗放型牧业
dairy farming n. 乳品产业
grazing enterpri n. 牧业
isolate v. 隔离；孤立；脱离
harsh a. 荒芜的；苛刻的；残酷的
plant community 植物群落
flora n. 植物群；植物区系diver a. 多变的；不同的
alpine a. 高山性的
heath n. 荒野；石南树丛
evergreen a. 四季常青
baobab n. 狐猴面包树
distinctly ad.. 独特地；难得地；明显地primitive a. 原始的；古老的
mammal n. 哺乳动物
marsupial n. 有袋动物
kangaroo n 袋鼠
koala n 考拉（树袋熊）
wombat n. 袋熊
derive v. 起源
pouch n. 袋鼠类的袋
teat n. 乳头
nourish v. 滋养；养
scrub n. 低矮丛林，密灌丛
sparly ad 稀少地；稀疏地
Perth n. 珀斯（澳大利亚西南的重要城市）supplier n. 供应商；供应者；原料供应国bulk n. 大量
mineral n. 矿物
ore n. 矿石
aluminum n. 铝
steel n. 钢
寓意好的词语
nickel n. 镍
titanium n. 钛
earth n.难以还原的金属氧化物（如氧化铝）diamond n. 砖石
petroleum n. 石油
esnce n. 实质
compri v. 包含；包括；由---组成；构成Canberra 堪培拉（澳大利亚首都）populous a. 人口稠密的
沙哑的反义词cosmopolitan a. 世界性的
parkland n. 适建公园的土
spectacular a. 壮观的；惊人的
coastal a. 海岸的
heritage n. 遗产；传统
colonial a. 殖民地的n. 殖民地居民spring up 突然兴起
federation n. 联邦；联邦政府
Bass Strait 巴斯海峡
hydroelectric a. 水力发电的
inn n. 旅馆；客栈
era n. 时代
reputation n. 名声
renowned a. 著名的；有声望的yacht n. 游艇；快艇
racer n. 比赛
Hobart n. 霍巴特（塔斯马尼亚首府）aborigine n. 土著人
Brisbane n. 布里斯班
Adelaide n. 阿德莱德
ethnic a. 人种学的
aborigine n.. 土著居民
proportion n. 比率
territory n. 领土；领地；领域urbanize v. 使都市化
populous a. 拥挤的；人口稠密的unify v. 使一致；统一
totem n. 图腾像
kinship n. 相似的
affinity n. 吸引力；亲密关系marginalize v. 忽视；忽略
forcibly ad 强行地
disper v. 驱散；分散；使四下散开Unit 2 History
habitation n. 住所
penal a. 刑事的
alleviate v. 减轻
hold-up 阻碍
habitual a. 经常
convict n. 囚犯
slum n. 贫民窟
offender n. 触犯者
prevalent a. 普遍的；流行的
etch v. 铭记；蚀刻
lineage n. 家系；宗系
stain n. 耻辱；瑕疵
descend v. 降格；下降demography n. 人口统计学aftermath n. 后果
economic depression 经济萧条triple v. 增至三倍
formation n. 组成
mi-skilled a. 半熟练的
capable a. 有能力有才能
informed a. 有学识的
squatter n. 擅自占用他人房子（或土地）jury n. 陪审团
mount v. 增加
say n. 发言权
constitution n. 宪法
parliament n. 议会；最高法院
aborigine n. 土著居民
original a. 土著的
ballot n. 选票；投票数
catastrophe n. 大灾难
indigenous a. 本地的
conquest n. 攻占；征服
smallpox n. 天花
measles n. 麻疹
influenza n. 流行性感冒
vitality n. 生命力
exemplify v. 举例；说明
craft n. 行会
stonemasons n. 石匠
shearer n. 修剪工
wharf n. 码头
discernible a. 区别的
dissatisfied a. 不满意的；不高兴的resurgence n. 再现；复活；再起fundamental a. 基本的；根本的motherhood n. 母性；母亲身份conrvation n. 保存；保持；保护
surge n. 巨涌；大浪；汹涌澎湃conrvatism n. 守旧性；保守主义legislation n. 立法；法律
privatization n. 私有化
nationalist n. 民族主义者；国家主义者；ntiment n. 感情；情绪；观点；情操logo n. 商标，徽标；标识语
identity n. 身份；同一性，一致；恒等式constitutional a. 宪法的；n. 保健散步monarchy n. 君主政体；君主政治；君主pinnacle n. 小尖塔；尖峰；高峰；极点v. 造小尖塔；置于尖顶上；置于高
referendum n. 公民投票权
prior a. 在先的；在前的
poll n. 民意测验；投票；投票数；投票engagement n. 约会；交战；婚约；诺言minimalist n. 极简抽象派艺术家；最低限proposal n. 提议；建议；求婚
radical a. 根本的；激进的；彻底的prominent a. 突出的，显著的；杰出的tremendous a. 极大的，巨大的；惊人的maintain v. 维持；维修；供养；继续engage v. 雇佣；吸引；占用；使订婚strategic a. 战略上的；战略的investment n. 投资；投入冒险奇兵
taxation n. 课税，征税；税款telecommunication n. 电讯；远程通信outsource v. 把…外包
sustain v. 支撑；承担；维持；忍受coalition n. 联合；结合，合并parliamentary a. 议会的；国会的federal a. 联邦的；同盟的
pledge n. 抵押；保证；抵押品；典当物initiate v. 开始，创始；发起
Unit 3 Economy
reign v. 统治；盛行
infertile n. 贫瘠的
livestock n. 家禽
graze v. 放牧；喂草
constitute v. 构成
cereal n. 谷类食物
concentrated a. 浓缩的；集中的sugarcane n. 甘蔗
temperate a. 温带的
tropical a. 热带
sorghum n. 高梁
oileds n. 亚麻子
plantation n. 种植园
pulp n. 浆状物；纸浆；果肉consolidated a. 加固的
marine a. 海生的
comparatively a. 相对的
lobster 龙虾n.
在电脑上怎么制作表格prawn n. 明虾
abalone n. 石决明（鲍鱼）tuna n. 金枪鱼
scallop n. 扇贝
edible a. 可以食用的
bream n. 鲤科淡水鱼
cod n. 鳕鱼
flathead n. 扁头鱼
mackerel n. 鲭鱼
perch v. 鸟的栖息地
salmon n. 三文鱼
category n. 类别
tantalum 【化】钅旦
uranium 【化】铀长征感悟
zinc 【化】锌
deposit n. 放置；使沉淀；贮藏cobalt 【化】钴
mangane 【锰】
nickel 【锰】鎳
metallic a. 金属制品的
aluminum 【美】铝
substantial a. 物质的，实质的，本质的textile n. 纺织业；纺织品appliance n. 用具；器具；装置
jet aircraft 喷气式飞机
坚定的意思是什么synthetic fiber 合成纤维hydroelectric power 水力发电petrochemical a. 石油化学的smelted aluminum 精炼的铝phosphate fertilizer 磷肥
pastoral a. 田园的
power cable 电缆
electrolytic a. 电解的
confectionery n. 甜食生产业
bureau n. 局
vigorous a. 蓬勃的
winery n. 酿酒厂
closure n. 关闭停工
sponsor n. 赞助商
transoceanic a. 横渡海洋的monopoly n. 垄断权
hallmark n. 特点
utility n. 公用事业
implementing a. 执行性的
overe v. 监督
engagement n. 保证
federal a. 国家的multilingual a. 使用多种语言的affiliated with 与….有密切联系minority n. 少数
noteworthy a. 值得注意的export-orient a. 面向出口的implement n. 工具colonial a. 殖民地当的diver a. 不同的monetary a. 金融的
Unit 4 Government and Politics
framework n. 构架；结构
democracy n. 民主制度；民主政体monarchy n. 君主制
virtual a. 实际上的
enact v. 制定（法律）
concurrent a. 并存的；同时发生的；一致的discharge v. 允许离开
impeachment n. 弹动
nate n. 参议院
chamber n. 立法机关；议会
dissolution n. 解散
scrutinize v. 详细检查
taxation n. 征税；税款
originate v. 开始；发源
reside v. 居住；定居
ultimate a. 最终的；最后的
inquiry n. 打听；询问
incompetence a. 不胜任
safeguard v. 保护；维护
corrupt a. 贪污的；腐败的expenditure n. 支出；开支
derive v. 源于从…取得
constitutional a. 受宪法限制的；有关宪法的coalition n. 联盟
exert v. 运用
experti n. 专门技能
ratification n. 签署；批准
delegate n. 代表；授权于
ritual n. 仪式；例行习惯
statutory a. 法定的
colony n. 殖民地
ideological a. 思想体系的
inaugurate v. 为…举行就职典礼eligible a. 允许做…的
personnel n. 全体职员
turnout n. 出席人数
stipulate v. 规定；讲明judiciary n. 司法部
tenure n. 任期使用权
validity n. 具有法律效力有效
tribunal n. 审裁团
maintenance n. 保养维修赡养费抚养费matrimonial a. 婚姻生活的
custody n. 监护权前列腺肥大症状
吊民伐罪Intermediate n. 中间的中级的magistrate n. 地方法官
hierarchy n. 等级制度
Unit 5 Social and Cultural life institutionalize v. 制度化
vestige n. 遗迹，痕迹
assimilation n. 同化
implement v. 实施，执行n. 工具，器具catchword n. 口号
cohesion n. 凝聚
Australia Institute of Multicultural Affair （AIMA）澳大利亚多元文化交流事务所cohesion n. 凝聚
populist n. 民粹主义
marginalize v. 边缘化
tertiary a. 三级的
Bachelor's degree 学士学位
graduation thesis 毕业论文postgraduate 研究生
master's degree 学士学位
doctorate n. 博士学位
competency n. 能力，胜任
distribution n. 分布
notable a. 显着
sparly ad. 人口稀少
maternity n. 产假
psychiatric n. 精神科
impairment n. 减值
disper v. 驱散
Herald Sun先驱太阳报
Sun News Pictorial 太阳新闻画报genre n. 类型
yacht n. 游艇
netball n. 投球
aussie n. 澳元；澳大利亚人metropolitan n. 大都市
orchestra n. 乐队
Good Friday n. 耶稣受难日commemorate v. 纪念
The Adelaide Festival of Art：阿德莱德艺术节
Exercis
Unit 1
1. What are the most prominent physical features of the Australian continent?
It was divided into three physically distinct regions: the western plateau, the central lowlands and the eastern highlands. The western plateau is a vast dert and mi-dert region that covers about 60 percent of the land area, located on the plateau are the coun try’s four major derts: the Gibson, Gr
eat Sandy, Great V ictoria and Simpson. The central lowlands stretch from the gulf of Carpentaria in the north to the western Victoria in the south, accounting for about one forth of Australia. The climate is hot rainfall is frequently. The eastern highlands extend from the Cape Y ork, Peninsula in north-eastern Australia to the southern coast of Tasmania and covers about 15 percent of Australia
2. How is Australia geographically divided?
The Australia continent can be divided into three physically distinct regions: the West Plateau,the Central lowlands, and the Eastern highlands.
3. What are the major characteristics of the geographical regions?
(1) The Western Plateau is a vast dert and mi-dert region that covers about 60 percent of the land area. Most of the land is flat.
(2)The Central Lowlands: the land is generally flat with an average elevation of only 152 meters. The climate is hot; rainfall is infrequent; much of the land is dry and dert and many of the rivers flow only intermittently.
(3)The Eastern Highlands consist mainly of high plateaus with many gorges, hills and low mountain r
anges.
4. What are the distinctive features of Australian climate?
(1) “The land in the sun”: Australia has an average of 5 hours of sunshine daily. Most of the land enjoys abundant sunshine.
(2) Located in the southern hemisphere, Australia has the asons opposite to tho of the northern hemisphere.
(3) Generally, Australia is a dry continent, where rainfall is unreliable. The distribution of the rainfall is rather uneven with the high rainfall in the north, the east and the southwest coasts.
5. How does climate influence Australian agriculture?
Agriculture land u is heavily influenced by this climate regime. Generally, the tropical north is suited to grazing, principally cattle, as well as the production of fruit and sugarcane. The major land us in the subtropical and Mediterranean climates in the south are cereal cropping as well as sheep and cattle grazing. The Murray-darling basin in the southeast has a large irrigation
