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[00:03.90]南北之战 The North against the South.
[00:06.10]
[00:08.36]手足相残 Brother against brother.
[00:09.36]
[00:13.09]内战是美国历史上最血腥的篇章 The Civil War is the bloodiest in American history.
[00:16.90]
[00:17.74]胜利不仅仅取决于战场上的血拼肉搏 Victory will take far more than brute firepower on the battlefield.
[00:22.25]
[00:24.69]技术 通讯 后勤 Technology, communications, logistics.
[00:31.87]
[00:31.88]正是这些火线背后的较量 It's what happens behind the front lines
[00:34.75]最终决定了这场关乎美国未来的战事 that will ultimately decides this battle for America's future.
[00:40.31]
[00:43.90]我们是前锋 也是先驱 We and trailblazers.
[00:48.71]
[00:48.72]我们为自由而战 We fight for freedom.
[00:52.19]
[00:52.23]我们将梦想付诸现实 We transform our dreams into the truth.
[00:55.22]我们的奋斗将换来一个国家的新生 Our struggles will become a nation.
[00:59.22]
[00:59.87] 美国: 我们的故事
[01:03.19]
[01:07.08] 第五集 内战
[01:10.62]
[01:12.44]1862年 内战进入高潮 1862, the Civil War is at its height.
[01:16.25]南北双方 North and South,
[01:17.55]陷入了一场关乎美国未来的苦战 locked in a bitter conflict for the future of America.
[01:20.92]
[01:22.51]一种新式子弹 A new kind of bullet
[01:23.63]将这场战争带入了可怕的僵局 has brought this war to a terrible deadlock,
[01:26.70]
[01:30.13]造成了始料未及的大规模人员伤亡 bringing death on a scale never previously en in warfare.
[01:34.71] 翻译：安小七 爱卿 Jo ww艾 取子小Q
[01:38.72] 校对：安小七 精校：小坏 时间轴：Sissi
[01:42.73] 后期：鱼骨头 总监：小坏
[01:46.74]伊利诺伊州 斯普林菲尔德的一家冶金铺里 Here at a metal works in Springfield, Illinois,
[01:49.56]
[01:49.67]熔铅踏上了历史舞台 molten lead is beginning its journey,
[01:52.41]
[01:55.12]成为了一种致命的破坏性原料 becoming a lethal instrument of destruction.
[01:58.49]
[01:58.79]熔铅所铸的子弹被称为迷你弹 The bullet known as the minie ball.
[02:01.79]
[02:03.33]这一小块未加工的铅就是 This crude piece of lead is the primary reason
[02:07.28]造成前所未有的伤亡的罪魁祸首 for the unprecedented levels of slaughter in this war.
[02:10.71]
[02:12.80]迷你弹发明于法国 重一盎司 直径半英寸 Invented in France. It's an ounce in weight and a half inch across.
[02:18.09]每人每小时可以铸造3000枚迷你弹 One person can cast 3,000 minie balls an hour.
[02:21.77]
[02:24.97]每一发这种不起眼的子弹 Each one of the simple bullets
[02:26.98]都可以
在眨眼间洞穿人体 can rip through a man's body in a fraction of a cond.
[02:30.49]
[02:33.93]南北双方都在使用迷你弹 The minie ball is ud by North and South alike.
[02:37.45]
[02:38.12]对这种致命子弹的需求高涨 Demand for this killer bullet runs so high
[02:41.46]
男士着装[02:42.33]导致了一个全新工业的兴起 that an entire industry springs up
[02:44.59]专门为前线输送迷你弹 supplying minie balls to the front line
[02:47.15]
[02:51.80]北方一共铸造了超过5亿枚迷你弹 In total, the North makes over half a billion minie balls,
[02:55.38]准备送往前线 ready to be fired from
[02:56.75]武装士兵们手中的200万支步枪 the 2 million muskets supplied to its men.
[02:59.49]
[03:03.34]从多个角度看 In many ways,
[03:04.85]詹姆斯·梅格斯 [《大众机械》杂志总编]
[03:08.85]
[03:04.85]内战都是第一场现代战争 the Civil War was the first modern war
[03:07.28]这是工业革命的影响深入到美国之后 becau it was the first war that took place
[03:11.23]打响的第一场战争 after the Industrial Revolution had begun to transform our country.
[03:15.63]
[03:17.31]把这一箱子弹运送到前线去 It will take over 33 hours for a bullet in this box
[03:21.13]需耗时超过33小时 行程逾800英里 to travel the 800 plus miles to the battlefield
[03:24.36]
[03:24.37]然后就等目标出现 ready to find its target.
[03:26.44]
[03:30.39]新式步枪比起传统武器来 The new musket is much faster to reload
[03:33.55]
[03:33.73]重新上膛的速度大大提升 than traditional weapons.
[03:35.85]
[03:36.89]装上火药 Load the gun powder,
[03:38.66]
[03:40.92]把子弹塞到底 ram down the bullet,
[03:42.64]
[03:48.61]然后就可以射击了 and it's ready to fire.
[03:50.42]
[03:56.02]布莱恩·威廉斯 [NBC晚间新闻主播]
[03:58.62]
[03:54.60]想象一下这样的战斗状态 Imagine warfare where your ability to load a musket
[04:00.90]你给步枪的上膛速度是否快过敌方 faster than the guy with the other musket
[04:03.40]将直接决定你是生是死 would determine if you lived or die.
[04:06.61]
[04:26.85]枪管内壁的凹槽 即装膛线 Groove on the inside of the barrel, rifling,
[04:29.99]让子弹旋转着射向目标 spin the ball towards its target.
[04:32.73]
[04:35.84]准度和射程的双重改进使其更加致命 The improved accuracy and range are a deadly combination.
[04:40.54]
[04:44.54] 理查德·麦克·马克威茨 [军事专家 前海豹突击队队员]
[04:49.55]
[04:44.54]前一秒 一切太平 One cond -- everything's great
[04:46.55]下一秒 你的伙伴已经身首异处 and the next cond, your buddy's head is gone
[04:50.84]或者他的一条胳膊飞了出去 or his arm is flying off.
[04:52.90]
[04:54.65]当一枚软金属步枪弹击中人体后的惨状 You don't want to know what a soft metal musket ball does
[04:59.93]你是不会
想知道的 when it enters the human body.
[05:02.13]
[05:06.64]冲击过后 子弹尖头变平 On impact, the bullet flattens out.
[05:10.71]
[05:12.44]骨头碎成尖片 bone shattered into splinters
[05:13.44]
[05:18.57]对肌肉和组织造成更深的伤害 causing further damage to muscle and tissue.
[05:21.71]
[05:24.35]通常情况下 More often than not,
[05:26.15]
[05:26.75]被子弹直接击中 只有死路一条 the result of a direct hit is death.
[05:30.15]
[05:37.79]即使有了迷你弹这样的科技优势 but for all the minie balls technological edge,
[05:40.84]军队仍然采用传统的兵法战术 the army still us traditional military tactics.
[05:44.72]
[05:49.46]让战争尤为惨烈的是 What made it specifically tragic was
[05:51.99]现代科技与更多的传统战术相结合 modern technology meeting much more ancient tactics,
[05:55.45]
[05:55.82]因此伤亡数字十分惊人 so the death rates were truly appalling.
[05:59.62]
[06:00.82]双方军队仍是直接正面交锋 The troops still face one another openly
[06:03.82]并维持着各自的战线 with lines across the battlefield.
[06:06.36]
[06:08.75]但迷你弹精确射程可达600码[约550米] But the minie ball is accurate over a range of 600 yards.
[06:12.78]
[06:15.59]足以轻易贯穿两军间隔 Easily spaning this distance.
[06:18.06]
[06:20.94]而且其重新上膛时间更短 And it can be reloaded
[06:22.46]比传统武器要快八倍 eight times faster than a traditional weapon.
[06:25.56]
[06:31.57]后果是灾难性的 The effects are catastrophic.
[06:32.57]
[06:40.93]战死率相比之前的战争 The kill rate increas dramatically
[06:43.68]大幅上升 compared to previously wars.
[06:45.61]
[06:47.13]整个战场就像是经历了一场大屠杀 Across the battlefield the results are carnage.
[06:51.09]出乎意料 伤亡数字空前巨大 Blood and death on a previously unen scales.
[06:55.70]
[06:56.55]他们相互残杀 尸体成群 成排 成堆 They killed each other in droves in lines and in piles.
[07:03.35]
[07:05.90]士兵亚历山大·亨特写道 Soldier Alexander Hunter writes.
[07:08.86]
[07:08.95]一个人趴在地上 身体几乎分成了两半 One lay on his face with his body almost in two parts.
[07:13.01]
[07:14.59]另一个人中弹时还正在瞄准 Another was shot just as he was taking aim,
[07:17.92]
[07:18.18]一只眼还睁着 而另一只眼已经闭上了 one eye was still open while the other was clod,
[07:21.09]胳膊伸出去的姿势还在握着步枪 one arm extended in the position of holding his rifle
[07:24.11]
[07:24.71]而步枪则躺在他身边的地上 which laid beside on the ground.
[07:27.21]
[07:28.39]双方的部队 The troops on both sides
[07:30.26]都必须在这弥漫着死亡气氛的环境中挣扎求生 must live in the middle of this untold deafen suffering.
[07:34.08]
[07:34.09]霍雷肖·查普曼在日记
里记录了他的经历 Horatio Chapman, records his experience in his diary.
[07:38.40]
[07:38.64]有些地方 死尸层层堆叠在一起 The dead in some places were piled upon each other
[07:41.75]
[07:41.78]伤员的呻吟和哀叹 and the groans and moans of the wounded
[07:43.78]实在令人耳不忍闻 were truly saddening to hear.
[07:45.78]一部分人苟延残喘 但已失去知觉 Some were just alive and gasping, but unconscious
[07:49.65]而另一部分人重伤垂死 others were mortally wounded
[07:51.50]同时清醒地意识到自己已是命不久矣 and were conscious of the fact that they could not live long.
[07:54.64]
[07:59.19]截至北方获胜之时 By the time of the North's final victory,
[08:01.66]双方合计阵亡人数超过60万 over 600,000 men on both sides are dead.
[08:05.25]相当于当时美国人口的2% sum 2% of the entire US population.
[08:09.60]
[08:09.99]按比例推算 In current population terms,
[08:12.01]相当于现在的600万人 that's the equivalent of 6 million people.
[08:15.32]
[08:21.23]死者中有近半数依然身份不明 Almost half of the dead remain unidentified.
[08:24.74]
[08:29.49]由于害怕自己会成为战场上的无名鬼 The fear of dying forgot on the battlefield
[08:31.97]士兵们第一次 leave soldiers for the first time
[08:33.68]开始在军装上画上自己的姓名和部队番号 to begin painting their names and unions on their uniforms.
[08:37.46]
[08:39.64]这些早期的士兵身份识别牌 The crude early versions of the dog tag
[08:42.98]
[08:42.99]在他们死后可以帮助辨认尸体的身份 will make it possible to identify their bodies after they are killed.
[08:47.12]
[08:53.17]此外 美国日益发展的邮政服务 For the first time, America's growing postal rvice,
[08:56.77]让前线士兵们首次能够给亲友写信 means soldiers can write to their loved ones from the fr
ont.
酸辣藕片[09:00.58]
[09:01.06]由于当时还没有如今的军队审查制度 With none of today's military censorship,
[09:03.89]
二十四节气知识[09:03.90]这就让诸如罗伯特·斯泰尔斯的士兵们 it allows soldiers like Robert Stiles
[09:06.47]得以将前线生活的恐怖现实传播出去 to relay the terrifying realities of life on the front line.
[09:10.89]
[09:13.15]萦绕在我们身边的惨状和气味 The sights and smells that assailed us
ppt替换图片
[09:16.52]实在让人无法形容 were simply indescribable.
[09:18.20]
[09:20.47]尸体肿胀成了原来的两倍大小 Corp swollen to twice their original size.
[09:24.14]
[09:24.30]有些尸体甚至会因 Some of them actually burst sunder
[09:26.99]淤塞的气体的压力过大而爆开 with the pressure of foul gas and vapours.
[09:30.20]
[09:33.28]潜藏在这场大屠杀背后深层次的政治仇恨 Fueling this carnage lies the deep political animosity
[09:37.32]才是战争爆发的根源 that has led to this war.
[09:39.55]
[09:41.10]在这场被喻为 In the b
itter conflict that
[09:42.30]
[09:42.31]"手足相残"的苦战中 has pitted as"brother against brother",
[09:44.32]南方决意捍卫其独立地位 the South has determined to defend its independence
[09:47.42]以及奴隶制 and the system of slavery.
[09:49.64]
[09:50.87]而北方绝不会任由南方脱离联邦 But the North will not allow it to leave the Union of States.
[09:54.84]
[09:57.84]科林·L·鲍威尔将军 [前美国国务卿]
[10:03.05]
[09:57.73]交战过后 We fought and lost
[09:59.00]双方都损失了数十万 hundreds of thousands of men on both sides
[10:01.06]都是为了捍卫自己心中的信仰 fighting for what they believe is right.
[10:03.65]
[10:07.42]新式武器和传统兵法的结合非常恐怖 The unholy alliance of new weapons and outdated battle tactics,
[10:11.38]导致了死亡率达到了工业化的规模 means the body count on an industrial scale.
[10:15.20]
[10:17.21]战争陷入了血腥的僵局 The war is locked in a bloody stalemate.
[10:20.35]
[10:20.36]双方都无法发起决定性的一击 Neither side can land a decisive blow.
[10:23.47]
[10:26.27]在这场相持不下的战争中 In this bitter war of attrition,
[10:28.58]
[10:31.23]胜利属于坚持到最后的人 victory will come to the last man standing.
[10:35.35]
[10:43.31]1862年8月 开战已逾一年 August 1862, over a year into the war.
[10:46.31]
[10:48.21]罗伯特·E·李将军所领导的南方联盟军队 General Robert E Lee's Confederate Army,
[10:51.11]准备好发动一起大规模的进攻 is readying to launch a wide ranging assault ,
[10:53.96]对手是弗吉尼亚的联邦军队 against Union forces in Virginia.
[10:56.89]
[10:58.57]士气高昂的士兵们 Highly motivated
[11:00.09]将在他们的故土上大战一场 the men are fighting on their home turf,
[11:02.80]并时刻准备好为捍卫南方独立 and are ready to die for Southern independence
[11:05.58]为维护传统的乡村生活方式而牺牲 and traditions, and its rural way of life.
[11:09.10]
[11:10.63]南方的繁荣完全依托于一种农作物 Its prosperity is built around a simple crop--
[11:14.00]
[11:15.02]棉花 cotton.
[11:16.57]
[11:18.67]棉花被喻为"白色黄金" Known as white gold,
[11:20.44]南方的棉产量 the South accounts for
[11:21.97]占世界总产量的三分之二 two thirds of the world's supply of cotton.
[11:24.58]
[11:26.09]棉花给南方各州带来了惊人的财富 And it brings extraordinary wealth to the Southern states.
[11:29.50]
[11:31.16]但这笔财富却是建立在奴隶的血汗之上的 but its wealth built on the backs of slaves.
[11:35.43]
[11:39.55]而如今 林肯的票选胜利 Now Lincoln's victory at the ballot box
[11:41.84]对这种传统生活方式构成了威胁 threatens this traditional way of life,
[11:44.77]使它所赖以生存的奴隶制岌岌可危 the slavery it is built on.
[11:48.00]
[11:54.56]不愿屈
服于北方统治 Rather than submit to Northern rule,
[11:56.69]南方决定一战 the South decides to fight.
[11:58.83]
[11:58.87]他们想要分而治之 They want a parate nation.
[12:01.21]
[12:04.52]罗伯特·E·李将军担任 General Rober E Lee takes command
[12:07.45]新成立的北弗吉尼亚军队总指挥 at the head of the newly formed army of Northen Virginia.
[12:11.01]
[12:11.37]李是毕业于西点军校的高材生 Lee, a brilliant graduate of the elite Westpoint Academy
[12:15.16]又在墨西哥战争中久经历练 is already a veteran of the Mexican War.
[12:17.95]
[12:23.07]他在战场上的高效率一直为人所称道 Highly regarded for his effectiveness on the battlefield.
[12:26.97]
[12:29.13]李可以凭直觉主导战况 Lee could intuit the battlefield
[12:32.13]
[12:32.22]这一点很像二战中的隆美尔 in a way that almost rembles Rommel in
[12:35.69]
[12:34.69]纽特·金里奇 [前美国国会众议院议长]
[12:36.69]
[12:35.69]或是巴顿 World War II, or Patton,
[12:37.18]
[12:37.23]因此 他从某种程度上可以感觉到 and as a result, he could sort of almost n
[12:41.04]哪里适合放手一搏 where the place would be to take the gamble
[12:43.32]哪里适合迎头一击 and where to hit.
中华上下五千年简介
[12:45.14]
[12:46.30]1862年 弗吉尼亚州马纳萨斯 Manassas Virginia, 1862,
[12:49.64]
[12:49.75]南方联盟军在布尔溪 confederal troops gather ahead
[12:51.39]第二次战役前集结起来 of the cond battle of Bull Run.
[12:53.74]
[12:56.06]李的兵力相比对手严重不足 Lee's forces are heavily outnumbered.
[12:58.98]月工作总结模板
[13:00.62]但是这片弗吉尼亚林地 But this Virginia woodland
[13:02.75]是这些志愿军的地盘 is home territory for the volunteer troops
[13:05.30]他们对地形了如指掌 known like the back of their hand.
[13:07.59]严苛的训练和严格的军规 Rigid training and strict discipline
[13:09.81]把他们变成了一支令人望而生畏的武装力量 has turned them into a formidable fighting force.
[13:13.05]
[13:14.83]如果你是当时的一名赌徒 If you've been a betting man back then,
[13:16.56]你一定会把胜算押在南方 you would have bet the South would have won.
扇贝肉怎么做[13:17.98]戴维·鲍尔达奇 [犯罪推理小说作家]
[13:19.98]
[13:17.98]南方要做的只是守住领地而已 The South only had to hold its territory,南宁美食
[13:20.59]而北方需要深入敌后攻城略地 the North had to come and take it away,
[13:22.45]北方必须成为占领军 the North had to be the occupying force
[13:23.56]而这一点难度更大 which is far harder to do.
[13:24.56]
[13:35.50]在布尔溪 李轻松展示了他麾下军队的优势 At Bull Run, Lee easily demonstrates his force's superiority.
[13:40.35]
[13:48.80]在一场仅持续了10分钟的交战中 In one engagement lasting just 10 minutes,
[13:51.94]北军士兵纽约第五团损失的兵力 the yankee 5th New Yo
