2010年6月 (CET-6)真题试卷厄运是什么意思(A卷)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1世界之最地理知识上。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chine. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；
2.孝顺父母的故事出现这种现象的原因和后果；
3.80个家常小炒我认为…
Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chine_______________________
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
郑忠华
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choo the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the ntences with the information given in the passage.
Obama's success isn't all good news for black Americans.As Erin White watched the election results head towards victory for Barack Obama, she felt a burden lifting from her shoulders. "In that one cond, it was a validation for my whole race," she recalls.
"I've always been an achiever," says White, who is studying for an MBA at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tenne. "But there had always been the things in the back of my mind questioning whether I really can be who I want. It was like a shadow, following me around saying you can only go so far. Now it's like a barrier has been let down."
White's experience is what many psychologists had expected - that Obama would prove to be a powerful role model for African Americans. Some hoped his ri to prominence would have a big impact on white Americans, too, challenging tho who still harbour raci
如今的我们st ntiments. "The traits that characteri him are very contradictory to the racial stereotypes that black people are aggressive and uneducated," says Ashby Plant of Florida State University. "He's very intelligent and eloquent."
Sting in the tail
Ashby Plant is one of a number of psychologists who ized on Obama's candidacy to test hypothes about the power of role models. Their work is already starting to reveal how the "Obama effect" is changing people's views and behaviour. Perhaps surprisingly, it is not all good news: there is a sting in the tail of the Obama effect.
But first the good news. Barack Obama really is a positive role model for African Americans, and he was making an impact even before he got to the White Hou. Indeed, the Obama effect can be surprisingly immediate and powerful, as Ray Friedman of Vanderbilt University and his colleagues discovered.
They tested four parate groups at four key stages of Obama's presidential campaign. E
ach group consisted of around 120 adults of similar age and education, and the test assd their language skills. At two of the stages, when Obama's success was less than certain, the tests showed a clear difference between the scores of the white and black participants—an average of 12.1 out of 20, compared to 8.8, for example. When the Obama fever was at its height, however, the black participants performed much better. Tho who had watched Obama's acceptance speech as the Democrats' presidential candidate performed just as well, on average, as the white subjects.After his election victory, this was true of all the black participants.
Dramatic shift
What can explain this dramatic shift? At the start of the test, the participants had to declare their race and were told their results would be ud to asss their strengths and weakness. This should have primed the subjects with "stereotype threat" – an anxiety that their results will confirm negative stereotypes, which has been shown to damage the performance of African Americans.
肚脐眼脏
Obama's success emed to act as a shield against this. "We suspect they felt inspired and energid by his victory, so the stereotype threat wouldn't prove a distraction," says Friedman.
Lingering racism
If the Obama effect is positive for African Americans, how is it affecting their white compatriots (同胞)? Is the experience of having a charismatic (有魅力的) black president modifying lingering racist attitudes? There is no easy way to measure racism directly; instead psychologists asss what is known as "implicit bias", using a computer-bad test that measures how quickly people associate positive and negative words—such as "love" or "evil"—with photos of black or white faces. A similar test can also measure how quickly subjects associate stereotypical traits—such as athletic skills or mental ability—with a particular group.
In a study that will appear in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Plant's team tested 229 students during the height of the Obama fever. They found that implicit bias ha一直干呕
s fallen by as much as 90% compared with the level found in a similar study in 2006. "That's an unusually large drop," Plant says.
While the team can't be sure their results are due solely to Obama, they also showed that tho with the lowest bias were likely to subconsciously associate black skin colour with political words such as "government" or "president". This suggests that Obama was strongly on their mind, says Plant.
Drop in bias
Brian Nok of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, who runs a website that measures implicit bias using similar test, has also obrved a small drop in bias in the 700,000 visitors to the site since January 2007, which might be explained by Obama's ri to popularity. However, his preliminary results suggest that change will be much slower coming than Plant's results suggest.
