2015年12月四级阅读真题第一套卷答案
新东方&新东方在线联合发布
Children do not think the way adults do. For most of the first year of life, if something is out of sight, it’s out of mind. If you cover a baby’s 36 toy with a piece of cloth, the baby thinks the toy has disappeared and stops looking for it. A 4-year-old may 37 that a sister has more fruit a juice when it is only the shape of the glass that differ , not the 38 of juice.
Yet children are smart in their own way. Like good little scientists, children are always testing their child-sized 39 about how things work. When your children throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try to feed her , and you say. “That’s enough! I will not pick up yo ur spoon again!” the child will 40 test your claim. Are you rous? Are you angry? What will happen if she throws the spoon again? She is not doing this to drive you 41 ; rather, she is learning that her desires and yours can differ, and that sometimes tho 42 are important and sometimes they are not.
How and why does children’s thinking change? In the 1920s. Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget propod that children’s congnitive(认知的) abilities unfold 43, like the blooming of a flower, almost independent of what el is 44 in their lives. Although many of his specific conclusions
have been 45 or modified over the years, his ideas inspired thousands of studies by investigators all over the world.
A.advocate
B.amount
E.definite
F.differences
G.favorite
H.happening
I.immediately
J.naturally
K.obtaining
短烫发
L.primarily
M.protest
O.theories
答案：GMBOI，DFJHN
生活就像一盒巧克力The Perfect Essay
A)Looking back on too many years of education, I can identify one truly
impossible teacher. She cared about me, and my intellectual life,
even when I didn’t. Her expectations were high impossibly so. She was an English teacher. She was also my mother.
B)When good students turn in an essay, they dream of their instructor
returning it to them in exactly the same condition, save for a single wor d added in the margin of the final page: ”Flawless.” This dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth grade. Of cour, I had heard that genius could show itlf at an early age, so I was only
slightly taken aback that I had achieved perfection at the tender age of 14. Obviously, I did what any professional writer would do; I
hurried off to spread the good news. I didn’t get very far. The first person I told was my mother.
C)My mother, who is just shy of five feet tall, is normally incredibly
soft-spoken, but on the rare occasion when she got angry, she was terrifying. I am not sure if she was more upt by my hubris(得意忘形) or by the fact that my English teacher had let my ego get so out of hand. In any event, my mother and her red pen showed me how
deeply flawed a flawless essay could be. At the time, I am sure she thought she was teaching me about mechanics, transitions(过渡),
structure, style and voice. But what I learned, and what stuck with me through my time teaching writing at Harvard, was a deeper lesson about the nature of creative criticism.
D)Fist off, it hurts. Genuine criticism, the type that leaves a lasting mark
on you as a writer, also leaves an existential imprint(印记) on you as a person. I have heard people say that a writer should never take
criticism personally. I say that we should never listen to the people.
E)Criticism, at its best, is deeply personal, and gets to the heart of why
we write the way we do. The intimate nature of genuine criticism
implies something about who is able to give it, namely, someone
who knows you well enough to show you how your mental life is
爱或不爱getting in the way of good writing. Conveniently, they are also the people who care enough to e you through this painful realization.
For me it took the form of my first, and I hope only, encounter with writer’s block—I was not able to produce anything for three years.林清玄的散文
F)Franz Kafka once said:” Writing is utter solitude(独处), the descent
网络广告案例分析into the cold abyss(深渊) of onelf. “My mother’s criticism had shown me that Kafka is right about the cold abyss, and when you make the introspective (内省的) decent that writing requires you are out always plead by what you find.” But, in the years that烟的危害
followed, her sustained tutoring suggested that Kafka might be梦见被人追着跑
wrong about the solitude. I was lucky enough to find a critic and
teacher who was willing to make the journey of writing with me. “It is a thing of no great difficulty,” according to Plutarch, “to rai objections against another man’s speech, it is a very easy matter;
but to produce a better in its place is a work extremely
troublesome.” I am sure I wrote essays in the later years of high
school without my mother’s guidance, but I can’t recall them.
远走高飞歌曲What I remember, however, is how we took up the “extremely
troublesome” work of ongoing criticism.
G)There are two ways to interpret Plutarch when he suggests that a
critic should be able to produce “a better in its place.” In a
straightforward n, he could mean that a critic must be more
talented than the artist she critiques(评论). My mother was well
