上海大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
It is no longer just dirty blue-collar jobs in manufacturing that are being sucked offshore but also white-collar rvice jobs,which ud to be considered safe from foreign competition.Telecoms charges have tumbled,allowing workers in far-flung locations to be connected cheaply to customers in the developed world.This has made it possible to offshore rvices that were once non-tradable.Morgan Stanley's Mr.Roach has been drawing attention to the fact that the"global labor arbitrage"is moving rapidly to the better kinds of jobs.It is no longer just basic data processing and call centers that are being outsourced to low-wage countries,but also software programming, medical diagnostics,engineering design,law,accounting,finance and business consulting.The can now be delivered electronically from anywhere in the world,exposing skilled white-collar workers to greater competition.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.
The standard retort to such arguments is that outsourcing abroad is too small to matter much.So far fewer than lm American
女朋友生日贺卡>山东省行政区划rvice-ctor jobs have been lost to off-shoring.Forrester Rearch forecasts that by2015a total of3.4m jobs in rvices will have moved abroad,but that is tiny compared with the30m jobs destroyed and created in America every year.The trouble is that such studies allow only for the sorts of jobs that are already being off-shored,when甘草的最佳搭配
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in reality the proportion of jobs that can be moved will ri as IT advances and education improves in emerging economies.
Alan Blinder,an economist at Princeton University,believes that most economists are underestimating the disruptive effects of
off-shoring,and that in future two to three times as many rvice jobs will be susceptible to off-shoring as in manufacturing.This would imply that at least30%of all jobs might be at risk.In practice the number of jobs off-shored to China or India is likely to remain fairly modest.Even so,the mere threat that they could be shifted will depress wages:
Moreover,says Mr.Blinder,education offers no protection. Highly skilled accountants,radiologists or computer programmers now have to compete with electronically delivered competition from abroad, whereas humble taxi drivers,janitors and crane operators remain safe from off-shoring.This may help to explain why the real median wage of American graduates hat fallen by6%since2000,a bigger decline than in average wages.
In the1980s and early1990s,the pay gap between low-paid, low-skilled workers and high-paid,high-skilled workers widened significantly.But since then,according to a study by David Autor, Lawrence Katz and Melissa Kearney,in America,Britain and Germany workers at the bottom as well as at the top have done better than tho in the middle-income group.Office cleaning cannot be done by workers in India.It is the easily standardized skilled jobs in the middle,
such as accounting,that are now being squeezed hardest.A study by Bradford Jenn and Lori Kletzer,at the Institute for International Economics in Washington D. C.,confirms that workers in tradable rvices that are expod to foreign competition tend to be more skilled than workers in non-tradable rvices and tradable manufacturing industries.
26.To off-shore rvices that were once non-tradable results from___________.
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[A]the blue-collar job market
[B]the geographic location of the Underdeveloped world
[C]the fierce competition among skilled workers
[D]the dive of telecoms fee
27.Which of the following statements is the typical reply concerning off-shoring?
[A]Service-ctor has sustained a great loss.
[B]White-collar workers will not have a narrow escape.
亚色世界[C]Most economists underestimated the effects of off-shoring.
[D]Outsourcing abroad has no significant impact.
28.According to the text,Forrester Rearch Prediction might be different if___________.
大班体育公开课[A]outsourcing abroad is large enough to matter much
[B]the proportion of jobs that can be moved will ri
[C]more comprehensive factors are taken into account
[D]education improvement in emerging economies plays a role
29.The narrative of the text in the last three paragraphs concentrates on___________.
[A]the standard retort to the arguments
[B]off-shoring and the resulting income
[C]the future off-shoring
[D]the counter-measures at hand
30.Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
[A]Business consulting.
[B]Blue-collar jobs.
[C]Non-tradable rvices.
小说排行[D]White-collar blues.
Text3
The mythology of a culture can provide some vital insights into the beliefs and values of that culture.
By using fantastic and sometimes incredible stories to create an oral tradition by which to explain the wonders of the natural world and teach lessons to younger generations,a society expos tho ideas and concepts held most important.Just as important as the final lesson to be gathered from the stories,however,are the characters and the roles they play in conveying that message.
Perhaps the epitome of mythology and its u as a tool to pass on cultural values can be found in Aesop's Fables,told and retold during the era of the Greek Empire.Aesop,a slave who won the favor of the court through his imaginative and descriptive tales,almost
exclusively ud animals to fill the roles in his short stories. Humans,when at all prent,almost always played the part of bumbling fools struggling to learn the lesson being prented.This choice of characterization allows us to e that the Greeks placed wisdom on a level slightly beyond humans,implying that deep wisdom and understanding is a universal quality sought by,rather than steanning from,human beings.
Aesop's fables illustrated the central themes of humility and lf-reliance,reflecting the importance of tho traits in early Greek society.The folly of humans was ud to contrast against the ultimate goal of attaining a higher level of understanding and awareness of truths about nature and humanity.For example,one notable fable features a fox repeatedly trying to reach a bunch of grapes on a very high vine.After failing at veral attempts,the fox gives up,making up its mind that the grapes were probably sour anyway.The fable's lesson,that we often play down that which we can't achieve so as to make ourlves feel better,teaches the reader or listener in an entertaining way about one of the weakness of the human psyche.
The mythology of other cultures and societies reveal the underlying traits of their respective cultures just as Aesop's fables did.The stories of Roman gods,Aztec ghosts and European elves all rved to train ancient generations tho lessons considered most important to their community,and today they offer a powerful looking
