承先启后花果山那些事原汁原味的英国PFI定义
Current Questions about PFI
Questions（问）
1、What is the Private Finance Initiative (PFI)?（PFI的定义是什么？）
2、Why PFI instead of traditional procurement?（为什么PFI取代传统的采购模式？）
3、How does PFI work?（PFI的工作机制如何运作的？）
4、How big is PFI?（PFI有多大？）
5、Who are the principal participants in this industry?（PFI的主要参与者都有谁？）
6、Risk（PFI的风险）
7、Is PFI only ud in the UK?（只有英国适用PFI吗？）
直销员8、Are PFI Contracts too expensive?（PFI合同昂贵吗？）
9、How much more expensive is a PFI project than a traditionally procured project?（PFI项目比传统的采购项目贵多少？）
10、Are PFI projects providing over generous returns for investors?（PFI提供给投资人丰厚的回报吗？）
11、How important is design?（设计有多重要？）
12、What is happening now in PFI?（现在PFI发生了什么？）
Answers（答）
1、What is the Private Finance Initiative (PFI)?
PFI is a procurement method where the private ctor finances, builds and operates infrastructure and provides long term facilities management through long term concession agreements. The agreements transfer substantial risks to the private ctor in return for payments over the concession life which is usually at least 25 years. Paymen
t is only made if rvices are delivered according to the requirements of the concession agreement.
2、Why PFI instead of traditional procurement?
The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) was established by the Conrvative Government by in 1992. It was aimed at improving the poor public ctor track record in infrastructure procurement and its associated long term management. In 1997 the new Labour government decided to continue with PFI and provided the resources within the Treasury and government departments to t priorities, improve the basis of project lection and develop both the process and a standard contract.
In 2003, the National Audit Office estimated that 73% of procurement under traditional methods of procurement was delivered over budget and 70% was late.
PFI was a challenge to both the public and the private ctors to change the way infrastructure was procured and to overcome long established adversarial relationships a
一鸣惊人的意思是什么nd low levels of trust that existed between the two ctors. Today relationships between the public and private ctor generally work very well and in this regard PFI has achieved one of its purpos. It also has succeeded in significantly improving the way public rvices are being delivered even within the public ctor.
3、How does PFI work?
A PFI project involves a long-term, usually 25 year, contractual arrangement between public and private ctor parties through a concession agreement.
The private ctor agrees to finance and build an infrastructure project such as a hospital, school, road or prison and to provide long term lifecycle investment and routine maintenance rvices sometimes together with ‘soft rvices’ such as catering and cleaning. In return, it receives a mi annual payment stream over the life of the concession from the public ctor client provided it delivers the rvices to the specification t out in the concession agreement. So there is no payment for poor delivery or performance.
4、How big is PFI?
PFI is one of the largest, if not the largest, infrastructure ctor in the UK. Over the past 15 years some 600 projects with a capital value of over ￡60billion have been signed. This includes almost 100 hospital schemes, over 100 education projects covering more than 800 schools, 43 transport projects and over 300 other operational projects in ctors such as defence, leisure, culture, housing and waste.核字拼音
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This has been the biggest investment in UK infrastructure since the Victorian times and has only been made possible using PFI type procurement. It would not have been possible for government departments to procure on this scale using traditional procurement. Their human resource requirements alone would have been difficult to achieve.
On the ground, this has meant that hundreds of thousands of pupils are now being educated in new and modernid schools which offer up to date learning, technology, sport and arts and crafts facilities. This reprents a step-wi increa in investment in
the UKs future work force.
In 2007 50% of the NHS estate dated pre-1948 and some of the structures were only meant to be temporary. Today, this figure stands at 20% and the 25 year PFI contract should ensure that the countrywide new healthcare facilities are both run efficiently and well maintained and rviced for the foreeable future.
The prison rvice has been reformed as a result of PFI prisons and the private ctor provision of custodial rvices.
5、Who are the principal participants in this industry?聪明的小狐狸
The private ctor participants include the leading and largest UK and international:
building contractors and rvice providers
insurance companies
刘华清追悼会
banks and bond investors
家用血糖仪怎么用equity investors including pension funds and insurance companies
professional advisors
The public ctor participants include government departments (eg Health, Transport, Home Office, and Defence) and local authorities (schools, street lighting, social housing, waste, local roads maintenance).
6、Risk
The concession agreement only transfers tho risks to the private ctor which the latter is best placed to take. This means construction cost overruns and delay costs are borne by the contractors, finance costs are borne by the finance providers and rvice delivery by the rvice contractors. All under the umbrella of each PFI project. The private ctor has shown by experience that it is able to manage the risks very well. There are few, if any, examples of construction risk being returned to the public ctor. During the financial cris no signed projects have been bailed out and, for the most, part payment deductions for poor rvice industry-wide have been low.
