Attributive clau 定语从句 (1)
在复合句中，修饰某一名词和代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句，它相当于形容词。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, who, which, that, as 和关系副词 when, where, why。
关系代词和关系副词既联系从句和先行词，还在从句中充当一个成分。
（一）关系代词
1.who (人，主格，从句中作主语，非正式文体中代替whom作宾语，但是如果关系代词作介词的宾语，介词提前，就不用who，而用whom)
The person to whom you spoke is a famous actor.
The person who(whom) you spoke to is a famous actor. 弯弯的山路
2.whom (人，宾格，从句中作宾语，非正式文体中常省略)
3.who (多指人，也可物，指物可以与of which互换，从句中作定语)
He mentioned a book who author (= the author of which) I can’t remember now.
Mr. Jones, _________ life was once very hard, is now very successful in his business. (01.12)
A. of him B. his C. who D. by whom
This book is designed for learners ________ native language are not English.(05.6)
A. which B. who C. who D. that
4.which (指物，从句中作主语或宾语，宾语时常省略) 关系代词whom, which作从句中介词的宾语，介词一般提前，也可放在后面。但如果从句中的介词为谓语的动词短语，介词不能提前，需紧挨动词。
She sat on the corner of the table near the door by which he husband always entered.
She sat on the corner of the table near the door which he husband always entered by.
This is the key which you are looking for.
但是先行词是时间，介词应放在关系代词which之前，不放在句尾。 I’ll never forget the day which I first met you on. （错误）
5.that (指人，也可物，从句中作主语或宾语，还可以作表语，作宾语或表语可以省略)
He is not the man that he ud to be.
that 在从句中作介词的宾语，介词不提前，反之介词提前，必不用that。
The hou that we live in is not large.
The hou in which we live is not large.
The hou we live in is not large.
That 指物可以与which互换，以下几种情况只用that
探险故事1)先行词all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词。
2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰。
3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。
That white flower is the only one that I really like.
This is the very book that I want to have.
The last place that we visited was the chemical works.
5）有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词，从句应用that，而不是其它。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
6）当主句是以who、which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句多用that，而不用who(whom)、which。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
以上通常是使用于物，人一般不受限制，但如果正式和严谨可以遵循这一原则。
6.as常用于 the same--- as, such ---as, as --- as , so --- as，但 as 引导从句表示内容与主句相似，同类；that 表示内容与主句同一，同一事物。
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.
This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.
秋季运动会such --- as 可以放在一起以such as 形式放在名词后。
She collected a great many stories such as a child of four could understand.
另外as 可以代表整个内容，前后都可以，但有逗号分开。
As we have en, oceans cover more than 70 % of the earth.
As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.
翻译为“正如---”。
（二）关系副词
1.when（表示时间，时间状语） time 是先行词，前面有序数词和last修饰，用that或什麽都不用。
This is the last time that I shall give a lesson.
The first film I saw him was in 1986.
2.where （表示地点，地点状语）
The hotel _______ during the vocation was rather poorly managed. (04.6)
A. as I stay B. where I stayed 增值税暂行条例 C. which I stayed D. what I stayed
3.why （表示原因，原因状语， 先行词reason）
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t go to school yesterday.
4. as 先行词是人和物的名词 花盆效应the same …as such …as
I drew the same conclusion as they did.
（三）介词+关系词
1.介词后面的关系词不能省略。
This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.
2.that前不能有介词。 介词+which/whom
She got to know the young man very well_______ she had worked for so long.(05.1)
A. to whom B. in whom C. with whom D. whom
Our department has a large collection of books, _____ are English. (01.6)
A. many of which B. many of them C. many ones D. their many
3.某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和 where 互换。
This is the hou in which I lived two years ago.= This is the hou where I lived two year
s ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?=Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
（四）关系代词that的用法
引导定语从句的关系代词who, which有时可与that互换使用。但在下面几种情况下一般只用 that引导定语从句。
1.当先行词为不定代词anything, everything, nothing, any, little, one, few, much, all, none等时
There isn't much that I can do.
He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes. 柠檬饮品
张杰资料一日游作文2.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时
The book is the best that I have read.
This is the biggest laboratory that we have ever built in our university.
3.当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时
It is the third one that I've bought.
This is the first place that I've ever visited.
4.当先行词被the very, the only等词修饰时
Is this the very muum that you visited the other day?
