Natural Sciences Citations and
References
(Author–Year and Numerical Schemes)
Patrick W.Daly
This paper describes package natbib
version7.0from1999/05/28.
Abstract
The natbib package is a reimplementation of the L A T E X\cite command, to work with both author–year and numerical citations.It is compatible with the standard bibliographic stylefiles,such as plain.bst,as well as with tho for harvard,apalike,chicago,astron,authordate,and of cour natbib.
In contrast to the packages listed above,the natbib package supports not only the various author–year bibliography styles,but also tho for standard numerical citations.In fact,it can also produce numerical
citations even with an author–year bibliographic style,something that permits easy switching between the two citation modes.To this end,replacements for the standard L A T E X.bstfiles are also provided.
It is possible to define the citation style(type of brackets and punctuation between citations)and even to associate it with the name of the bibliographic style so that it is automatically activated.Citation styles can be defined for local.bstfiles by means of a configurationfile natbib.cfg.
It is compatible with the packages:babel,index,showkeys,chapterbib, hyperref,koma and with the class amsbook and amsart.It can also emulate the sorting and compressing functions of the cite package(with which it is otherwi incompatible).
The natbib package therefore acts as a single,flexible interface for most of the available bibliographic styles.
1
NATURAL SCIENCES CITATIONS AND REFERENCES2
Contents
1Introduction3 2Previous Solutions3
2.1The natsci.bst Style (3)
2.2The apalike.bst Style (4)
2.3The newapa Style (4)
形容词英语2.4The Harvard Family (5)
2.5The Astronomy Style (5)
2.6The authordate Style (5)
3The natbib System6 4Using this Package6
4.1New Bibliography Styles (7)
4.2Basic Citation Commands (7)
4.3Extended Citation Commands (8)
洋葱的做法大全家常菜4.4Forcing Upper Cad Name (9)
4.5Citation Aliasing (10)
天秤座和白羊座4.6Authorless and Yearless References (10)
4.7Extra Features in the plainnat Family (11)
4.8Selecting Citation Punctuation (11)
4.9Priority of Style Commands (13)枫桥夜泊的诗意
4.10Other Formatting Options (14)
方晓华4.11Automatic Indexing of Citations (14)
4.12HyperT E X Compatibility (15)
购销合同模板免费下载
墙画4.13Multiple Bibliographies in One Document (15)
4.13.1Special Considerations for natbib and chapterbib (16)
4.14Sorting and Compressing Numerical Citations (17)
4.15Long Author List on First Citation (17)
5Numerical Citations with Author–Year Styles17
5.1Selecting Numerical Mode (18)
6Local Configuration18 7Options with L A T E X2ε18 8As Module to Journal-Specific Styles19 9Reference Sheet20 10Options with docstrip20
NATURAL SCIENCES CITATIONS AND REFERENCES3
1Introduction
Thefirst problem of using author–year literature citations with standard L A T E X is that the two forms of citations are not supported.The are:
textual:...as shown by Jones et al.(1990)...
parenthetical:It has been shown(Jones et al.,
There is only one\cite command to do both jobs.
A cond problem is that the thebibliography environment for listing the references insists on including the labels in the list.The labels are normally the numbers,needed for referencing.In the author–year system,they are superfluous and should be left off.Thus,if one were to make up a bibliography with the author–year as label,as
\begin{thebibliography}{...}
\bibitem[Jones et al.,1990]{jon90}
Jones,P.K.,...梦见自己出嫁
\end{thebibliography}
then\cite{jon90}produces the parenthetical citation[Jones et al.,1990],but there is no way to get the textual citation.Furthermore,the citation text will also be included in the list of references.
Thefinal problem is tofind a Bib T E X bibliography style that will be suitable. 2Previous Solutions
This ction may not be of interest to all urs.Tofind out how to
u natbib without reading about the historical background,go to
Section4.
Although the author–year citation mode is not supported by standard L A T E X, there are a number of contributed packages that try to solve this problem.The various bibliographic styles(.bstfiles)that exist are usually tailored to be ud with a particular L A T E X package.
I have found a large number of.bstfiles onfile rvers that may act as indicators of the various systems available.
2.1The natsci.bst Style
What gave me myfirst inspiration was Stephen Gildea’s natsci.bst for u with his agujgr.styfile.This showed me that the problem was solvable.However, Gildea’s style formats\bibitem just as I illustrated above:with an optional label consisting of abbreviated authors and year.Thus only parenthetical citations can be accommodated.The list of references,however,isfixed up in his stylefiles.
NATURAL SCIENCES CITATIONS AND REFERENCES4
2.2The apalike.bst Style
Oren Patashnik,the originator of Bib T E X and the standard.bstfiles,has also worked on an author–year style,called apalike.bst with a corresponding apalike.sty to support it.Again,only the parenthetical citation is provided. Except for the fact that his style works with version0.99of Bib T E X,its function-ality is identical to that of the natscifiles.
Patashnik does not like author–year citations.He makes this very clear in his Bib T E X manuals and in the header to apalike.bst.Nevertheless,one should respect his work in this area,simply becau he should be the best expert on matters of Bib T E X.Thus apalike.bst could be the basis for other styles.
The form of the thebibliography entries in this system is
\bibitem[Jones et al.,1990]{jon90}...
the same as I illustrated earlier.This is the most minimal form that can be given.
I name it the apalike variant,after Patashnik’s apalike.bst and apalike.sty. However,there could be many independent.bstfiles that follow this line.
The bibliography stylefiles belonging to this group include:
apalike,apalike2,cea,cell,jmb,phapalik,phppcf,phrmp
2.3The newapa Style
A major improvement has been achieved with newapa.bst and the accompanying newapa.styfiles by Stephen N.Spencer and Young U.Ryu.Under their system, three parate items of information are included in the\bibitem label,to be ud as required.The are:the full author list,the abbreviated list,and the year. This is accomplished by means of a\citeauthoryear command included in the label,as
\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Jones,Barker,
and Williams}{Jones et al.}{1990}]{jon90}...
Actually,this only illustrates the basic structure of\citeauthoryear;the newapa files go even further to replace some words and punctuation with commands.For example,the word‘and’above is really\betweenauthors,something that must be defined in the.styfile.Of cour,\citeauthoryear is also defined in that file.A number of different\cite commands are available to print out the citation with co
mplete author list,with the short list,with or without the date,the textual or parenthetical form.
Thus the\citeauthoryear entry in\bibitem is veryflexible,permitting the stylefile to generate every citation form that one might want.It is ud by a number of other styles,with corresponding.styfiles.They all appear to have been inspired by newapa.bst,although they lack the extra punctuation commands.
Bibliographic stylefiles belonging to the newapa group include
newapa,chicago,chicagoa,jas99,named
Note:the last of the,named.bst,us\citeauthoryear in a slightly different manner,with only two arguments:the short list and year.
NATURAL SCIENCES CITATIONS AND REFERENCES5
2.4The Harvard Family
The same effect is achieved by a different approach in the Harvard family of bibliographic styles.Here a substitute for\bibitem is ud,as
\harvarditem[Jones et al.]{Jones,Baker,and
Williams}{1990}{jon90}...
The accompanying interface packagefile is called harvard.sty and is written by Peter Williams and Thorsten Schnier.It defines\harvarditem as well as the citation commands\cite,for parenthentical,and\citeasnoun,for textual citations.Thefirst citation us the long author list,following ones the shorter list,if it has been given in the optional argument to\harvarditem.
Bibliography styles belonging to the Harvard family are
agsm,dcu,kluwer
This package has been updated for L A T E X2ε,with many additions to addflex-ibility.The result is a powerful interface that should meet most citation needs. (It does not suppress repeated authors,though,as natbib does.)
2.5The Astronomy Style
Apparently realizing the limitations of his apalike system,Oren Patashnik went on to develop a‘true’a
pa bibliographic style,making u of the method already employed by an astronomy journal.This is actually very similar to the newapa label but with only the short list of authors:
\bibitem[\protect\astroncite{Jones et al.}{1990}]{jon90} ...
It requires the packagefile astron.sty or any other style that defines\astroncite appropriately.
Bibliographic styles belonging to the astronomy group are
apa,astron,bbs,cbe,humanbio,humannat,jtb
This is as good as the\citeauthoryear command,although not asflexible since the full list of authors is missing.
2.6The authordate Style
Finally,I have also found some packages making u of a label command called \citename in the form
\bibitem[\protect\citename{Jones et al.,}1990]{jon90}
.
..
