简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题
英语句子成分的排列顺序与汉语不同。汉语放在前面的，英语可能要放在后面；而汉语放后面的，英语可能放在前面。即使是同样一句话，如果用词不同，句中的次序也会有变化。比如，“我每天骑自行车上学”，可以表达为 I go to school by bike every day. 也可以表达为
I ride to school every day. 如果用图表分析一下，我们会看得更清楚：
我 每天 骑自行车 上学。
I go to school by bike every day.
I ride to school every day.
这三个语句除了行为者"I"的位置没有变化外，其它都发生了变化，并且由于“上学”表达方式的不同，在句中的位置也发生了变化。
句子成分详解一览表及巧记口诀
句子成分 | 意义及位置 | 充当词类 | 例句 |
主语 The Subject | 表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前部。 | 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。 | We study in No. 17 middle school. Jim is an American boy. Two heads are better than one. |
谓语 The Predicate | 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常在主语后（除疑问、倒装句外）。 | 由动词或动词词组充当。 | Time tries all thing.(时间检验一切） Lucy is dancing under the tree. Her parents are both workers. |
宾语 The Object | 表示动作、行为的对象。在及物动词或介词后。 | 同主语的充当词类 | Love me, love my dog. (爱屋及乌） The girls like English. Did you e him yesterday? |
表语 The Predicate | 与系动词连用，一起构成谓语部分、说明主语的性质、特征。常在系动词之后。 | 同主语的充当词类 | His father is a bus driver. My car is white. We were at school yesterday. Health is wealth. (健康就是财富。） |
定语 The Attribute | 用来修饰名词或代词。单个词常在修饰的词前，短语或句子在被修饰的词之后。 | 形、代、数、名、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语。 | The red one is mine. What is his name? A friend in need is a friend indeed. (患难见真情。） |
状语 The Attribute | 修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。位置较灵活。 | 通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。 | Our teacher works very hard. She often helps Mike. They had a meeting in Shanghai. |
青花瓷图片宾语补足语 The Object Complement | 宾语的补足语，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”关系。在宾语后。 | 由形容词、名词、介词短语等充当。 | We named the baby Lily. She made the room clean. |
同位语 The Appositive | 重复指代并进一步说明名词及名词性词语。在被修饰词后。 | 名词、名词性短语、从句等。 | They all work hard. John, a friend of hers, has gone. |
| | | |
句子成分 学记口诀
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。 宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。
简单句的五种基本句型
句型种类 | 主语 | 谓语部分 |
谓语动词 | 表语 | 宾语 | 宾补 |
1. S + Vi. 主语+不及物动词 | Birds | fly. | | | |
2. S + Vi. + O 主语+及物动词+宾语 | He | plays | | the piano. | |
3. S + V. + C 主语+系动词+表语 | We | are (系动词） | friends. | | |
4. S + Vt. + InO + Do 主语+及物动词坚固的近义词+间接宾语+直接宾语 | I | gave | | him a pen （间宾）（直宾） | |
5. S + Vi. + O + Oc 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 | Tom | made | | me | cry. |
| | | | | |
一捻金
英语是一种结构型的语言，以谓语动词为核心构成各种句型。为了帮助你掌握英语的句型，本节课我们一起来总结一下英语的基本句型。
1. 主语 + 不及物动词（ + 状语）
状语 | 主语 | 不及物动词 | 状语 |
（In 2003,) | The first book | came out | in 2003 |
| We | didn't go | to the cinema yesterday. |
Last week, | I | went | to Guilin for my holiday. |
| | | |
2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 （+ 状语）
状语 | 主语 | 及物动词 | 宾语 | 状语 |
（Yesterday) | I | bought | a very good book | yesterday. |
| My father | loves | pictures of cars. | |
Every morning | my mother | prepares | breakfast | for me |
| He | wrote | a book | in nior high school. |
| | | | |
3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （+ 状语）
主语 | 系动词 | 表语 | 状语 |
The books | are | great.牛肉炖萝卜的做法 | |
Tom | is | very happy | today. |
| | | |
4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 （+ 状语）
状语 | 主语 | 及物动词 | 间接宾语 | 直接宾语 | 状语 |
| His hobby | has brought | him | enjoyment. | |
| My father | bought麦词 | me | a very good bike | On my birthday. |
Last week, | my aunt | nt | me | a box of chocolate. | |
| | | | | |
5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 （+ 状语）
主语 | 及物动词 | 宾语 | 宾语补足语 | 状语 |
We | can help | you | develop new skills. | |
I | don't want | you | to work | too hard. |
The news | 好的广告made | everyone | happy. | |
| | | | |
巩固练习
一．指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。
①I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside.
②In the modern city, there are some problems, such as air pollution, crowdness and noi.
③In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life.
④There, the air is fresh and the water is clean.
⑤I can hear birds singing in the green trees.
⑥I can also go boating, fishing, and swimming in the lake.
⑦All this will be interesting and good for my health.
建档立卡怎么申请⑧So I want to go to the countryside for a change.
1. ( S + V ) _______________ 2. ( S + V +O ) _________________
3. ( S + V + C ) ____________________ 4. ( S + V + IO + DO ) _______________
5. ( S + V + O + C ) __________________ 6. There be 句型 ______________
二．翻译题
1. 他昨天早上起床很晚。
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2. 那天晚上我们谈了很多。
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3. 会议将持续两个小时。
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4. 昨晚我写了一封信。
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5. 我父亲能流利地说英语。fluently
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6. 你介意我开窗户吗？
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7.我的兄弟都是大学生。
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8. 这本书是关于美国历史的书。
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9. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。nurry
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10. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
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11. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？dictionary
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12. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。
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13. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。consider
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14. 我们把小偷释放了。t…free
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15. 他叫我们参加做游戏。
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主系表结构+练习+中考真题
主语+系动词+表语
系动词：be动词，感官动词
主系表结构，其中系动词（link-verb）包括be动词和感官动词。
be动词后可跟形容词，代词，名词，介词短语:
Sam is sad.
This is my sister.
The keys are yours.
Her picture is on the wall.
感官动词后多加形容词做表语。
劳燕分飞 感官动词：feel/smell/look/taste/sound
The band sounds great.
I feel happy.
The food smells terrible.
She looks sad.
This tastes good.
1介绍亲属关系
This is my sister. That is Jin’s friend.
The are our cousins. Tho are Tom’s grandparents.
He is Jack’s father. She is your mother.
It is her lovely dog. They are Tom’s brothers.
