习题三及答案

更新时间:2023-05-16 18:32:19 阅读：评论：0

	Ⅰ. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and choo the letter A, B, C or D. (20%) 1. _______ is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between phonetics and phonology. The most influential scholar in this aspect is Trubetzkoy who published Principles of Phonology in 1939. A. The London School B. Traditional grammar C. American Structuralism D. The Prague School 2. Saussure believed that language is a system of signs. This sign is the union of a form and an idea, which Saussure called _______. A. langue and parole B. signifier and signified C. speech and writing D. system and function 3. Many modern linguists have criticized traditional grammarians for adopting a _____ approach to language study. 我的带班理念A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. descriptive 4. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is . 购买办公用品A. arbitrary B. rational C. logical D. cultural 5. Palatal mi-vowel refers to the sound . A. [n] B. [h] C. [w] D. [j] 6. A phoneme is a group of phonetically similar sounds called . A. minimal pairs B. allomorphs C. phones D. allophones 7. Morphemes that reprent “ten”, “number”, “gender”, “ca” and so forth are called morphemes. A. inflectional B. bound C. free D. derivational 8. The English word “modernizers” is compod of morphemes. A. four B. three C. two D. five 9. “Unless I hear from her, I won’t leave this town” is a ntence. A. simple B. coordinate
C. complex D. compound 10. In the phra structure rule “S NP VP”, the arrow can be read as . A. is equal to B. consists of C. has D. generates 11. In the following pairs of words, are a pair of complementary antonyms. A. old and young B. male and female C. hot and cold D. buy and ll 12. The stimulus-respon theory was propod by . A. Firth B. Halliday C. Bloomfield D. Chomsky 13. found that natural language had its own logic and thus concluded the famous Cooperative Principle. A. John Austin B. John Firth C. Paul Grice D. William Jones 14. As far as the ntence “My bag is heavy” is concerned, linguists of pragmatics are more interested in its ______ meaning. A. literal B. logical C. contextual D. grammatical 新员工入职感想 15. is defined as any regionally or socially definable human group identified by shared linguistic system. A. A speech community B. A race C. A society D. A nation 16. A speaker’s knowledge of the total t of rules, conventions, etc., governing the skilled u of language in a society is termed ______. A. competence B. performance C. communicative competence D. communicative strategy 17. The phonemes /k/, /a:/ and /p/ are in ______ relations in the words /ka:p/ (carp) and /pa:k/ (park). A. synchronic B. syntagmatic C. diachronic D. paradigmatic 18. The Prague School claims that a ntence may be analyzed from the functional side in terms of ______as well as from the grammatical side. A. theme and rheme B. argument and predicate C. subject and predicate D. performative and constative 19. In the proposition “Professor Green is a linguist”, the predicate linguist is a ______. A. no-place predicate B. one-place predicate C. two-place predicate D. three-place predicate 20. The following conversation exchange clearly violates ______. A: Let’s get the kids something. B: Okey, but I veto I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M-S. A. maxim of Quantity B. maxim of Quality C. maxim of Relation D. maxim of Manner

Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or fal. Write T for true and F for fal. (20%)

1. By arbitrariness Saussure means that the forms of linguistic signs bear some natural relationship to their meaning.( )

2. Human language is, unlike animal communication systems, stimulus free.( )

3. Language marks our identity, physically in terms of age, x, and voiceprints; geographically in terms of accents, dialects.( )

4. The ntencing of criminals is an example of emotive function of language.( )

5. Synchronic linguistic is the study of a language through the cour of its history.( )

6. Pre-school children know virtually all the rules of language except for some subtleties. This means they have the underlying knowledge about the system of rules.( )

7. The sound〔z〕is a voiced alveolar stop.( )

8. The free variants of a phoneme shown in the different pronunciation of the same word, such as “tap” may be caud by habit, or individual preference, rather than by any distribution rule.( )

9. Voicing is a distinctive feature for English consonants.( )

10. A syllable that has no coda is called a clod syllable.( )

11. In English, inflectional affixes are mostly prefixes.( )

12. In the word “illegal”, “il” is an allomorph of the negative morpheme.( )创业史简介

13. The word “girl” ud to mean “young person of either x”. Today it means “young woman”. This is an example of broadening of meaning.( )

14. The value of a linguistic sign is determined by the signs with which it can combine to form a syntagmatic relation, and the signs with which it can form a paradigmatic relation.( )

15. The phra “five children” is an endocentric construction. ( )

16. Componential analysis can not help explain the n relations of words.( )

17. The ntence I pour some liquid into the tube is a performative one.( )

18. The ntence like War is war is an example in which the Quality maxim is violated.( )

19. The weak version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis says that language is the shaper of our thinking patterns.( )

三五历记20. Malinowsky believed that the context of situation is indispensable for the understanding of the words.( )

Ⅲ. Explain the following linguistic terms or notions in English. (40%)

1. Ostensive communication 2. Surface structure 3. Free variants 4. Exocentric construction 5. Duality 6. Dissimilation 7. Immediate constituent analysis 8. Narrow transcription

9. Root 10. Communicative competence

Ⅳ. Give brief answers to the following questions. (12+8=20)

1. What is componential analysis? How is it ud in mantics? (12%)

2. Explain how the assimilation rule in English works.(8%)

Answer

Ⅰ. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and choo the letter A, B, C or D. (20%)

乌龟作文1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. B

11. B 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D

Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or fal. Write T for true and F for fal. (20%)

1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F 6.T 7. F 8. T 9.T 10. F

录入员

11. F 12. T 13. F 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. F 19. F 20. T

Ⅲ. Explain the following linguistic terms and notions in English. (40%)

1. Ostensive communication—Communication is not simply a matter of encoding and with the hearer. From the speaker’s side, communication should be en as an act of making clear one’s intention to express sth, this act is ostensive act. In other words, communication is ostensive-inferential.

2. Surface structure--The final stage in the syntactic derivation of construction, which cloly corresponds to the structural organization of a construction people actually produce and receive.

3. Free variants--If 2 sounds can occur in the same environment and the substitution of one sound for another does not cau a change of meaning, they are in free variation.

4. Exocentric construction--A construction who distribution is not functionally equivalent to any of its constituents. There is no noticeable center or head in it. The whole construction has a different grammatical function from either of its constituents.

5. Duality--Lge is a system which consists of two ts of structures or levels. At the lower

or the basic (condary) level, there is a structure of sounds which is meaningless by themlves. At the higher (primary) level, the sounds of lge can be grouped and regrouped into a large number of units of meaning such as morphemes and words.

6.红色警戒怎么联机 Dissimilation--It refers to the influence exercid by one sound gment on the production of another, so that the two sounds in a quence become less alike or different.

7. Immediate constituent analysis－The analysis of a ntence in terms of its immediate constituents (word groups or phras), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached.

8. Narrow transcription--A more specific t of letter-symbols with diacritics to show more phonetic details, required and ud by the phoneticians in their study of speech sound.

9. Root—The ba form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without total loss of ide

ntity. It is the part of the word left when all the affixes are removed. All words have a root morpheme.

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