张继楼
In the appreciation of a work of art or an art form, consideration of the receiver never proves fruitful. Art, in the same way, posits man’s physical and spiritual existence, but in none of its works is it concerned with his respon. No poem is intended for the reader, no picture for the beholder, no symphony for listener.
在欣赏艺术品或者艺术形式的时候，接受者的思考一般都是没有结果的。同理，艺术就是人生理和心理的存在，任何艺术作品都不会理会人的反应。任何诗歌都不是为了读者而作、任何美术都不是为了观赏者而作，任何交响乐也不是为了听者而作。
产业调研报告
Is a translation meant for readers who do not understand the original? For what does a literary work “say”? What does it communicate? It “tells” very little to tho who understand it. Its esntial quality is not statement or the imparting of information. Yet any translation which intends to perform a transmitting function cannot transmit anything but information---hence, something inesntial. This is the hall mark of bad translations. But do we not generally regard as the esntial substance of a literary work what it contains in addition to information---as even a poor translator will admit---the unfathomable, the mysterious, the “p胖胖猪>最短的季节打一成语是什么成语
天地无名
oetic,” something that a translator can reproduce only if he is also a poet? This, actually, is the cau of another characteristic of inferior translation, which conquently we may define as the (p. 15) inaccurate transmission of an inesntial content. This will be true whenever a translation undertakes to rve the reader. However, if it were intended for the reader, the same would have to apply to the original. If the original does not exist for the reader’s sake, how could the translation he understood on the basis of this premi?
那么翻译是为了那些不懂原文的读者所为么？一个文学作品又是为谁而作呢？对于那些理解他的人而言，他“讲”的很少。他的基本功能不是陈述、也不是传达信息。但是，任何试图履行传递功能的翻译除了信息以外，不能传达任何其他的东西——而信息却是无关紧要的。这就是糟糕的翻译的一种标志。但是对于那种蕴含除了信息以外更多东西的文学作品，即便是一个蹩脚的译者也会承认，那种讳莫如深、那种深不可测、那种诗情画意，只有译者本人也是一位诗人，才可能予以复制，而这不才是文学作品最基本的东西么？实际上，这就是那些次等译作的又一特征，我们因此可以进将其定性为对非本质内容的错误表达。如果一个译者为了取悦读者而作的时候，这种情况尤其为甚。然而，如果翻译是为了读者，那么这一观点同样可以适用于原文本。假若原文本不是为读者而作，那么他所理解
的翻译却为何要为读者而作呢？
Translation is a mode. To comprehend it as mode one must go back to the original, for that contains the law governing the translation: its translatability. The question of whether a work is translatable has a dual meaning. Either: Will an adequate translator ever be found among the totality of its readers? Or, more pertinently: Does its nature lend itlf to translation and, therefore, in view of the significance of the mode, call for it? Analogously, the translatability of linguistic creations ought to be considered even if men should prove unable to translate them. Given a strict concept of translation, would they not really be translatable to some degree? The question as to whether the translation of certain linguistic creations is called for ought to be pod in this n. For this thought is valid here: If translation is a mode, translatability must be an esntial feature of certain works.
翻译是一种方式。要理解这种方式，就要回到原文考察。因为原文有约束翻译的规则：可译性。一篇作品是否可译有双重含义。一者：在所有的读者当中，是否有完全合格的译者？另者：这个作品本身是否需要翻译，也即，从这种方式内涵看，是否需要？或者可以
这么说，即便是有人证实了不能翻译这些作品，但是这些言语产物的可译性仍需要斟酌。因为翻译有一个严谨的概念，所以他们是不是在某种程度上不可译？因此，一种言语产物是否需要翻译，必须提出这个问题。因为这种思路在此是合理的：如果翻译是一种方式，那么可译性就是某些作品的基本特征。
Translatability is an esntial quality of certain works, which is not to say that it is esntial that they be translated; it means rather that a specific significance inherent in the original manifests itlf in its translatability. It is plausible that no translation, however good it may, can have any significance as regards the original. Yet, by virtue of its translatability the original is cloly connected with the translation; in fact, this connection is all the clor since it is no longer of importance to the original. Just as the manifestations of life are intimately connected with the phenomenon of life without being of importance to it, a translation issues from the original---not so much from its life as from its afterlife.
可译性是某些作品的基本内在。这不是说这些作品应该被翻译，而是说在原文内核中天生
了一种特别的意义，并表现为可译性。这样说起来比较绕口了，其实任何翻译不管它有多完美，都不可能和原文相媲美。但是，由于具有可译性，原文就和翻译密切相关；实际上，这种相关性非常密切，其重要性甚至胜于原文。生命表征对于生命现象没有那么重要，但二者却内在相关，翻译来源于原文——就如生命表征来源于生命，而不是来源于后世。
肚子疼是什么原因引起的For a translation comes later than the original, and since the important works of world literature never find their chon translators at the time of their origin, their translation marks their stage of continued life. The idea of life and afterlife in works of art should be regarded with an entirely unmetaphorical objectivity. Even in times of narrowly prejudiced thought there was an inkling that life was not limited to organic corporeality.
因为译作晚于原作，因此从没有哪个世界文学在他们原创时期就已经选好了译者，译作标志着原作生命的延续。这种艺术作品中的生命与后世思想应该完全是一种非隐喻的客观存在。即便受那种极端狭隘的思维禁锢，也会有人会认为生命绝不仅是肉体的机理存在。
The concept of life is given its due only if everything that has a history of its own, and is n
ot merely the tting for history, is credited with life. In the final analysis, the range of life must (p. 16) be determined by history rather than by nature, least of all by such tenuous factors as nsation and soul. The philosopher’s task consists in comprehending all of natural life through the more encompassing life of history. And indeed, is not the continued life of works of art far easier to recognize than the continual life of animal species? Translations that are more than transmissions of subject matter come into being when in the cour of its survival a work has reached the age of its fame. Contrary, therefore, to the claims of bad translators, such translations do not so much rve the work as owe their existence to it. The life of the originals attains in them to its ever-renewed latest and most abundant flowering.
只有事物具备自身的历史，而不是作为历史的环境存在时，事物才具备了生命，真正具备了生命的概念。最后，生命的范围不是因为其生命的特征，更不是那些站不住脚的感知和心灵，生命是由历史决定的。哲学家有责任通过更具包容性的历史生命来理解自然生命。实际上，艺术品生命的延续不是比动物种群的生命延续更清晰么？当一部作品在大浪淘沙中存留下来，并具备一定声名之后，这些不单单是传递主观信息的翻译就该出现了。因此，
对于那些水平低下的译者而言，这种翻译不是为了作品而作。原作在译作中获得新的声名，并得以发展。
慈母为儿春心动Being a special and high form of life, this flowering is governed by a special, high purposiveness. All purpoful manifestations of life, including their very purposivenesss, in the final analysis have their end not in life, but in the expression of its nature, in the reprentation of its significance. Translation thus ultimately rves the purpo of expressing the central reciprocal relationship between languages. It cannot possibly reveal or establish this hidden relationship itlf; but it can reprent it by realizing it in embryonic or intensive form. As for the posited central kinship of languages, it is marked by a distinctive convergence. Languages are not strangers to one another, but are, a priori and apart from all historical relationships, relationships, interrelated in what they want to express.
