第2讲非谓语动词
[前沿最新动态]
[题组试做]
单句语法填空
俗世奇人好句1．Most colleges now offer first-year students a cour specially designed(design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
2．The little boy stared at the strange man questioningly, not knowing(know) whether to believe what he had said.
3．Failing to turn(turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain cour.
[题组试做]
单句语法填空
1．To free (free) ourlves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness.
2．(2020·揭阳模拟)Clearly and thoughtfully written(write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to ek their own answers.
3．(2020·山东烟台期末)Not knowing (know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice.
[要点解读]
1．不定式作状语团推优演讲
闪灵解析
(1)作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首。
In order to calculate the amount of power，work is divided by time.
要计算功率的大小，可将功除以时间。
(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做……)； do...(太……而不能……)；(如此……以至于……)等。
Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.
乐字开头的成语汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprid，astonished，delighted，disappointed 等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作
与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive at any time now.
这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。
Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.
像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常用的有：general
ly/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，
judging from/by，taking everything into consideration，compared to/with，to be frank，to tell(you)the truth，to be honest，to make things wor 等。
Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.
复数名词从口音判断，他是香港人。
To tell you the truth，I am a little tired.
说实话，我有点累。
考点三非谓语动词作定语
[题组试做]
单句语法填空
1．(2020·福州八县市一中联考)It tells a touching(touch) story that highlights Chine families.
2．(2020·河北五个一名校联盟二模)Shanghai simplified the procedures for skilled foreigners working(work) in the city to get residence permits within three days, the city's latest measure to attract(attract) overas workers.
3．Father's Day, obrved(obrve) on March 19 since Middle Age, means honoring fathers and celebrating fatherhood.
[要点解读]
1．不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
(2)序数词，形容词最高级，the last，the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excu，promi，attempt，way 等。
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itlf.
美国大选表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
啤酒用英语怎么说
(4)当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，作定语的不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。
Have you got anything to buy?
你有什么东西要买吗？(you是buy的执行者)
I want to go to Beijing.Do you have anything to be bought?
我要去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(you不是buy的执行者，anything与不定式是被动关系)
2．分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系，且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系，且表完成时，用过去分词。
童话作家
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。
To return to the problem of water pollution，I'd like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2019．
为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2019年在澳大利亚进行的研究。
Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.
昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
