第十二课时：动名词
开心一刻：阅读短文，回答问题：
轻松学习动名词
开心一刻：阅读短文，回答问题：
Fishing is my favorite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!
Why is fishing the writer's favorite sport?
完成下列句子，注意动名词的形式和用法：
1．__________________(钓鱼) is my favorite sport.
2.I often fish for hours without _______________________(钓到任何东西)
3.__________________(没有钓到鱼)，they catch old boots and rubbish.
4._________________________(在河上度过了一上午后)，I always go home with an empty bag.
5.___________________________________(你必须放弃钓鱼)。
6．_________________________________(我不是对钓鱼感兴趣购物网站推广)。
7．________________________________________________.(我只是对坐在船上无所事事
感兴趣）。
出租方
基础知识梳理：
一：动名词的形式：
| 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
一般式 | doing | being done |
完成式 | having done | having been done |
| | |
其否定形式是在doing前加上not
1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。如：
I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。
2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如：
I don’t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。
3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。
（1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。如：
I don’t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
（2明日边缘票房）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：
I am very plead at your having been honored with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。
注意：（3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如：
Excu me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。
Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。
注意：（4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘，尤其是在口语中。
动名词的功能：
1、作主语
动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如：
Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.
早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。
Cheating on an exam ruins one's character.
考试作弊毁坏人的性格。
考点聚焦：1）."It is …"句式，动名词作主语时，一些比较长的动名词短语用it做形式主语，主要用在简单字大全It is no u/good/a waste of time+动名词短语
如： It is no u waiting for him any longer. 等他是没有用的。
It is no good learning without practice. 学而不实践是没好处的。
2）."There is no …”句式There is no joking about such matters.
这种事开不得玩笑。
2.动名词作宾语
动名词作宾语通常是在某些动词后.高中阶段能接动名词作宾语的常见动词：mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy（欣赏，）, admit（承认）, appreciate（感激，欣赏）, avoid（避免）, delay（推迟）, escape（逃脱）, finish（完成）, forgive（宽恕）, imagine（想象）, keep（保持）, miss（错过）, practice（训练）, resist（抵抗，抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝，否认）, consider（考虑）等。
Many people enjoy sunbathing on the beach in summer.
动名词作介词宾语
.We were ud to getting up early in the morning.
lydia
我们以前习惯早起。
I am against inviting him to dinner.
我反对邀请他来吃饭。
考点聚焦：
（1）有些动词后面，如forget, remember, stop, try, mean, regret、go on等，既可跟动名词也可跟不定式作宾语，但是意义不一样。
He forgot paying for the book.
他忘了曾经付了买书的钱。(他付过钱了)
He forgot to pay for the book.
他忘了去付买书的钱。(他没有付过钱)
Stop talking.(停止说话)
I stopped to talk with Tom.（开始去说话）
（2）在有些句子中，介词常可省去。
I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners.
我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。
He ud to spend a lot of time (in) playing games.
（3）动名词可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。
.We were ud to getting up early in the morning.
我们以前习惯早起。
I am against inviting him to dinner.
我反对邀请他来吃饭。
（4）want（需要）, need（需要）, derve（值得）, require（需要）等词后，我们用动名词的主动形式表达被动意思。
Your car needs filling.
你这车要充气了。
This city derves visiting.
这座城市值得光顾一下。
3.动名词作表语
Their task is exploring oil mines in the west.
他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。
注意：这时，主语和表语可以互换位置
4.动名词作定语。
金线莲的药用价值动名词作定语时一般前置，与所修饰的名词间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，表用途。
reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池
北京遇上西雅图之不二情书 dining car 餐车 sleeping car 卧车
5.动名词作同位语
.His habit, listening to the news on the radio， remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构指动名词前有其逻辑主语。复合结构通常由“物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格或者名词的普通格+动名词”构成，在句子开头时必须用物主代词和名词所有格，通常在句中作主语和宾语。
His coming made us very happy.
他的到来使我们大家都很高兴。
I don’t mind your opening the window.
I don’t mind you opening the window.
我不介意你开窗。
I enjoyed listening to John’s singing.
I enjoyed listening to john singing.
我喜欢听约翰唱歌。
注意：动名词否定形式是在动名词的各种形式前加上not
体验高考，过关测试：
1. Mark often attempts to escape ________whenever he breaks traffic rules .
A. having been fined罚款 B. to have been fined
C. to be fined D. being fined. .
2. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _______ from you sometime.
A.to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D. hearing
3.The thief took away the woman’s wallet without________.
A.being en B. eing C.him eing D. eing him
4.People appreciate _____with him becau he has a good n of humor.
A. to work B. to have working C.working D. have working
5.I’ve enjoyed _____ to talk with you.
A. to be able B. being able C. to been able D. of being able
6.No one can avoid ______ by advertiments.
A. to be influenced B. being influenced C. influencing D. having influenced
7.They are considering ______ before the prices go up .
A. of buying the hou B. with buying the hou
C. buying the hou D. to buy the hou
8.He thought that __________.
A. The effort 努力doing the job was not worth
B.The effort was not worth in doing the Job
C.It was not worth the effort doing the Job
D.It was not worth the effort by doing the job
9.If I had remembered ____the door , the thing wouldn’t have been stolen.
A. to lock B. locking C. to have locked D. having locked
10.Your shirr needs ______ you’d better have it done today.
A. iron烫衣 B. to iron C. ironing D. being ironed
11.You can’t help _____ commercials广告.Every few minutes the program is interrupted t
o give you one advertiment or another .
A. to hear B. to be heard C. hearing D. with hearing
12.My transistor radio isn’t working. It _____.
A.need ds to ds repairing D. need to be repaired
13.It is no u ______ me not to worry.
A.you tell B. your telling C. for you to have told D. having told
14.He is very busy _____ his papers. He is far too busy ________ callers.
A. to write,to receive B. writing ;to receive
C.writing ; receiving D. to write; for receiving
15.The suspect 怀疑at last admitted______ stolen goods but denied______them.
A. receiving; lling B. to receive; to ll
C. to receiving; to lling D. to have received ; to have sold
16.She apologized for ______ to come .
A. her not being able B.her being not able
C.not being able D.that she’s not able to
17.I really appreciate_____ to help me , but I am sure that I can manage by mylf
A.you to offer B. that you offer C. your offering D.that you are offering
18.Plea stop ______ , boys. I have something important to _______ you.
A.saying; talk B. telling; say speak D.talking; tell
19.Tony, would you go and e if Sam has any difficulty ______ his tape recorder?
梦见被盗A.to fix B. fixing C. for fixing D. fix
20. “Why isn’t Nancy going to meet us? “ “It’s my fault. I forgot all about ______her.”
A. telephoning to B. to telephone C.to telephone to D.the telephoning to
答案：1---------5 D D A C B 6-------10 B C C A C
