Introduction
[check your understanding]
1. f Syntax and mantics each have their own strengths.
2. f Pragmatics is also interested in how language u affects the language system.
3. t
4. f
5. t
In-Class Activities
1. ASK
(1) Yes, he’s coming.
(2) Yes. [No, he isn’t coming]
(3) His knowledge about whether Pat likes cognitive linguistics or not.
2.
(1) a. John is obviously not Hitler. There is only one Hitler in the world.
b. Golf as an inanimate object can’t play a human being (John).
c. It is a ca of tautology that conveys no new information.
d. “Idea” doesn’t have color and can’t sleep since it is inanimate. The whole ntence doesn’t make n.
(2) a. it can be ud for communication in a context where John shares some personality with Hitler.
b. when John is a poor player of golf.
c. in a context where a certain boy has done something wrong (out of naughtiness).
(3) when the ntence is ud in poetry to personalize the word "idea".
3.(1) a. In an entrance of a park.
b. In the restroom of some public places like an airport.
a. People are forbidden to bring dogs into the park.
b. This place is for adults to change infant diapers.
4. (1) Here the speaker wants to express his complaint that the couple are talking too loudly (and the implicit request for them to stop talking).
(2) By saying so, the young man wants to convey their refusal to “my” request.
The background knowledge we need is that since it is usually impolite to listen to other people’ private conversation, it is normal that “I” can’t hear a word (thus the couple can continue their talk).
电组词组
5.(1) This notice implies that all tho who jump the red light are uncivilized, whatever the reason.
(2)讲卫生的人不会随便吐痰。
6. (1) This is an advertiment for a holiday inn and its food is so delicious that it can make the customer’s wife jealous. The “French toast” probably means a type of specialty provided by this holiday inn.十二星座守护神
(2) C: 你去哪里？
吃饭了没？
E: How are you?
How’s everything going?
7. (1) He means he doesn’t speak French.
(2) Russian majors don’t speak French.
(3) Yes. It helps to indicate a negative answer.
8. (1) a. He us “that” under the assumption that his mom knows which letter is being referred to.
b. He us an imperative ntence to ask her mother to clo the window, which is impolite.
(2) Johnny: Mom, Ping Ping is coming to visit us this afternnoon.
Mother: Who is Ping Ping?
(3) Wang: It’s not my fault, is it?
Li: Yes.
-----------------
Native speaker: Hi, you look good.
Zhang: Not good, not good at all.
Exercis Task3.
1. when we get someone to do something, we tend to minimize the effort to be involved, but when we complain we tend to exaggerate the complaint. People want to be polite by mitigating(缓解,减轻,平静)the imposition, which is face-threatening.
2. The first imperative is a general grammatical form, but the cond, though still an imperative, can be ud to sound more polite becau of the addition of "will you"
3. (in the office)
Boss: Come to my office later.
Clerk: Yes, sir.
血红铆钉菇
蒸肉米粉--------
(during the afternoon tea)
Boss: How is your dad, Tom?
Clerk: He’s fine. Thanks, Pat.
4. He wants to suggest that he did not break the window becau he was engaged with (? ) 本无心in something el in other places.
5. In the novel The Catcher in the Rye, Holden, a middle school student always breaks the pragmatic conventions and in that way shows his rebellion.
美术教育论文6. While we teach English to Chine students, we not only impart linguistic information (phonetics, phonology, morphology, and syntax of English) but also pragmatic information (appropriate u of English in dynamic context). For instance, how we can u the question tag(反了？tag questions) to sound more tentative and be polite.
Unit 1
[Check your understanding]
苹果耳机功能
1. f That is the view held by John Austin in the early stage.
2. f Implicit performative utterances do not have a performative verb.
3. f
4. f The completion of the perlocutionary act requires the addre’s cooperation.
5. t
In-Class Activities
1.(1) If you’ve ever said “I promi” or “I apologize”, you have performed tho actions by the simple act of saying them. But “I know” and “I believe” are declarative. Saying them does not bring about any immediate change in the belief or knowledge of the speaker.
