中考必备之被动语态+动名词分词
找的英语被动语态：
(1)被动语态定义：被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。如果主语是 动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。
(2)英语中被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数 (1) 被
动语态的用法：
① 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by 短语。如：A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday .(这扇
窗子是昨天被打破的)
②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by 短语。如：Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years .(三年之后这里
将要修建一条铁路)
③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by 短语。如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner .(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)
(2) 主动语态如何改写为被动语态：
+ 状语
被动句：主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by +人/ 物+ 其他+ 状语
(动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者)
(3) 注意点：
①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如：
His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给临汾尧庙
他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)
也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：
His teacher gave him a dictionary.→A dictionary was given to．． him by his teacher.(老师
给他一本字典→一本字典由老师送给了他)/His father made him a kite.→A kite was made for
猜猜谁来了．．．him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)
②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor
man work 12 hours a day.→The poor man was made to．． work 12 hours a day.(老板让这
个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)
③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：The girl takes good care of．．
her little brother.→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of．． by her.(女孩照顾小弟弟
→女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)
④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：
He is plead / worried / tired /…….(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)
He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / …….(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)
7、动词的非谓语形式：动词不做谓语时的固定形式。
(1)动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词
和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。
遥望未来
(2)动词不定式：
①形式：动词不定式基本形式由“不定式记号to+动词原形”构成。它的否定形式只要
没有的近义词
在“to”前面加上“not”。它的疑问形式是：“wh-疑问词+to+动词原形”。*它的被
动形式：“to be +过去分词”。*它的完成形式：“to have +过去分词”。
②动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、
状语、表语和宾语补足语。但不定式也保留动词的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟宾
语、表语和状语。动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。
③动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短
语放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.
表示不定式的逻辑主语)。如：To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人)/
小学生家长寄语It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chine well.((对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困
难)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时
间)
④动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。
[A] 及物动词+不定式一般形式：
I would like to have a rest at the moment./ They began to arch
the room for the thief.(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷)/ He liked to have a swim in the pool near his hou.(他喜爱在靠家的水塘里面游泳)/ When did you learn to speak English?(你
什么时候开始学英语的？)/ Don’t forget to clo the door when you leave.(你离开时别忘了关门
[比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关)/ He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) / Plea remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话) / I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话)
miss韩懿莹He does not know which one to take./ Tell me how to get to the station.(告诉我怎么样去火车站)/ She asked me what to do for today’s homework.(她问我今天家庭作业做什么)/ Can you teach me how to arch the internet?(你能教我怎样上网吗？)
[C] 不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用it代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后
置。如：I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易) ⑤动词不定式可以在句子中用作定语,放在名词或代词后面。马原读书笔记
They could not find a place to live in.(他们找不到住的地方)/ Plea give me a chair to sit on.(请给我一张椅子坐坐)/ He has got a writing brush to write with.((他找到了写字的毛笔)
⑥动词不定式可以在句子中用作状语,有下列几种情况：
[A]放在不及物动词(come, go, stop, finish, wait等词)的后面。如：He came to e her
