状语从句
（一）时间状语从句（Adverbial Clau of Time）
问题一：引导时间状语从句的连接词由哪些？
引导时间状语从句的常用连接词有：while, when, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, once, as, as soon as, no sooner … than, hardly / scarcely / barely … when, the moment, , the instant, every time, each time, next time, the first time, the last time, by the time，等。
问题二：when，while和as的用法有何区别？
1、when既能表示时间点，也能表示时间段；while只能表示时间段。如：
When / While our English teacher was explaining the grammar to us, the headmaster came in and stopped him.
2、when还可引导一个并列句，作“这时”解。如：
He was walking along the street when he ran into an old friend.
I had read only a few lines when I heard the bell ringing.
He was about to return to the path, when he saw a river nearby, so he went to have a clo look.
3、while引导的从句中的动词通常为延续性动词，常用进行时。如：
4、while还可作“而”解，表示对比。如：
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.
5、as强调伴随，常指两个动作同时发生：
As she entered, she responded pleasantly to the interviewer’s greeting.
6、若从句表示“随着”，只能用as。如：
As the day went on, the weather got wor.
问题三：after和b efore的用法须注意什么？
1、after从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，从句通常用过去完成时或过去时；而before从句的动作发生在主句动作之后，故主句通常用过去完成时，也可用过去时。如：
将军的英文
He bought a hou after he sold / had sold his car.
Before she went to the interview, she made / had made two journeys.
2、before在应用中须注意：
（1）before与can连用时，可解释为“还来不及…”。如：
Before I could explain, the cashier barked, “Go to the end and wait your turn.”
（2）在重要句型中
It will be long before …
It won’t be long before …
“It was long before …
“It was not long before …
（3）注意，“before long”表示“不久，”。
It looks as though it will snow before long.
（4）before还可解释为“然后”。如：
Plea think if over before you decide to do anything.
He hesitated long(好久) before he cho a proper answer.
问题四：since的用法须注意什么？
1、通常，since从句中谓语动词用过去时，主句的谓语动词用现在完成时，但在巨型“It is /has been+ 时间段+
since …”中, 主句的谓语动词可用is或has been
Since the World Cup began, all of the winning teams have been from Europe or South America.
It is many weeks /It has been many weeks since we last met.
2、如果since从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，则动作从结束开始算起
I have written to him since he lived in Shanghai.
问题五：until的用法须注意什么？
1、与when连用提问时，until置于句首。如：
－Until when are you staying? －Until next Friday.
2、not until位于句首时，主句的主谓结构须用（部分）倒装语序。如：
Not until the war ended did they meet again.
3、强调结构“It is /was not until…that
It was not until the game had begun that he arrived.
问题六：表示“一…就…”的结构有哪些？
1、as soon as从句表示“一…（就…）”
As soon as the poor mother heard / had heard the news that her son was kidnapped, she fainted.
2、“no sooner … than …”和“hardly / scarcely / barely … when …”表示“一…就…”。须注意是：
（1）主句的谓语动词用过去完成时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。如：
He had hardly / scarcely / barely arrived when she started complaining.
The sun had no sooner started to shine than it was clouded over again.
（2）No sooner 或Hardly / Scarcely / Barely置于句首时，句子须（部分）倒装。如：
No sooner had he gone to sleep than the telephone rang once more.
Hardly / Scarcely / Barely had he arrived when she started complaining.
3、the moment, the instant，the minute等引导时间状语从句，也表示“一…（就…）”。如：
The moment I saw her, I realized that she had been told everything.
服装网络营销The instant he saw the building on fire, he dialed 999.
问题七：once如何引导时间状语从句？
Once引导时间状语从句时表示“一旦”…，如：
Once he has made a decision, nothing can make him change his mind.
问题八：其他引导时间状语从句的连接词有哪些？
1、the first time, the last time, next time等名词短语。如：
The first time I saw a woman opening the door for a man, I was very surprid.
The last time I went to London, there happened to be the Golden Jubilee.
2、every time，each time等名词短语。如：
Each time I went to a formal dinner, I dresd up carefully.
While reading, don’t stop every time you come to a word or phra you don’t know.
3、by the time引导时间状语从句时，主句谓语动词使用过去完成或将来完成时态。如：
By the time the ambulance arrived, the old woman had come to.
By the time he graduates from high school, he will have learned English for 10 years.
问题九：时间状语从句的时态须注意什么？
时间状语从句若表示将来的动作，从句中不使用将来时态，而使用一般现在时态或现在完成时态。如：
I won’t believe it until I e / have en it with my own eyes.
The technology of cloning still has a long way to go before it is considered safe to try on humans.
（二）地点状语从句（Adverbial Clau of Place）
问题一：引导地点状语从句的连接词有哪些？
引导地点状语从句的常用连接词有：where, wherever等。如：
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Wherever he goes, he keeps in mind what his father has instructed him.
问题二：where引导的究竟是地点状语从句还是定语从句？
绿色电脑桌面壁纸地点状语从句和定语从句的区别：地点状语从句没有先行词，而定语从句有先行词。如：
The Winter Olympic Games are always held where there is plenty of snow.
The Winter Olympic Games are always held in the countries where there is plenty of snow.
（三）条件状语从句（Adverbial Clau of Condition）
问题一：引导条件状语从句的连接词有哪些？
1、常用连接词：if（如果），unless（除非）。
2、其他连接词：as long as, so long as, on condition that, suppo / supposing (that), provided / providing (that), only if, in ca等。如：
Short hair styles make the face look longer, especially if there are curls on the top.
Life continues unless the damage done to the body is too vere.
There is hope as long as life continues.
I’ll come on condition that John is invited, too.
In ca the match is cancelled, what can we do for the weekend?
问题二：only if与if only有何区别？
1、only if表示“只要”，引导真实条件句。如：
Only if you practice English as much as possible, are you able to express yourlf freely.
2、if only表示“要是…就好了”，引导虚拟的非真实条件句，表达强烈的愿望。如：
If only thousands of innocent people had not been killed in the war.
（四）原因状语从句（Adverbial Clau of Cau / Reason）
问题一：becau，since，as和for的用法有何区别？
常用的表示原因的连接词区别见下表，按照语气由强到弱的顺序排列。
描写葡萄的作文
2、在词性上，becau，since，as都是从属连词，引导从句；而for是并列连词，连接并列句，故for只能放在句中，如
He distrusted me becau I was new.
Since you are going, I will go, too.
As it’s raining, you’d better take a taxi.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
芦笋图片问题二：什么情况下只能用b ecau？
1、在回答由why提出的疑问句时。如：
－Why aren’t you coming with us to the concert? －Becau I have got a bad headache.
2、在强调句中。如：
It was becau I wanted to be clor to the nature that I moved to the countryside.
3、在only，simply，just等强调词后面。如：
They think they are so superior just becau they make more money than I do.
4、与否定词not连用，有时构成并列的becau分句。如：
She said that to comfort him, not becau she believed it.
I enrolled in the tutorial centre, becau I had to, not becau I wanted to.
He went to bed early today, not becau he was tired, but becau he had nothing to do.
问题三：其它引导原因状语从句的连接词有哪些？
1、now that通常置于句首，表示“既然”
2、considering (that)表示“考虑到”
Considering (that) he’s only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well.
3、in that表示“在于”如：
Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speak.
I like the city, but I like the country better in that I have more friends in the country.
（五）结果状语从句和目的状语从句（Adverbial Clau of Result /Purpo）
奥斯维辛没有新闻微波炉烤肠问题一：引导结果状语从句的连接词有哪些？
1、引导结果状语从句的常用连接词是so that和so … that, such…that
The boy behaved himlf at table so that he was praid by his mother.
Supermarket is so big that it is often divided into departments.
They got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away.
问题二：so … that和such … that引导的结果状语从句有何区别？
1、so为副词，修饰形容词或副词；such为形容词，修饰名词。如：
Debbie was so excited that she could hardly keep still.
They got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away.
2、当such修饰可数名词单数时，可以和so互换。如：
She is such a lovely girl that everybody likes to talk to her.
She is so lovely a girl that everybody likes to talk to her.
3、当such修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数时，不可用so替换。如：
It was such fine weather that we were all in a cheerful mood.
We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean ems to have grown smaller.
3、当名词前有表示数量的词many, few, little或much修饰时，只用so，不用such。如：
He has so few friends that he is often lonely.
There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is.
4、但当little不解释为“少”，而解释为“小”时，只能用such，不能用so。如：
He pasd me a note with such little words on it that I failed to make them out.
问题三：引导目的状语从句的连接词有哪些？
1、引导目的状语从句的常用连接词是so that和in order that. 目的状语从句的谓语通常含有may, might, can, could
等情态动词；
2、 He devoted such great care to his mother that she might recover quickly.
3、lest，in ca和for fear (that)表示“以防”，也可以引导目的状语从句，但从句中通常用虚拟语气should+do
He studied hard lest / in cast / for fear that he should fail in the examination.
问题四：如何区别so that引导的是目的状语从句还是结果状语从句？
So that引导的从句谓语若含有may, might, can, could, should等情态动词，则该从句为目的状语从句；若从句谓语不用情态动词，则该从句为结果状语从句。如：
Speak clearly so that they may understand you.
He got on the train late so that he found all the ats occupied.
（六）比较状语从句（Adverbial Clau of Comparison）
问题一：引导比较状语从句的连接词有哪些？
1、引导比较状语从句的常用连接词有than, as … as, not so / as … as。
He is taller than I (am) / me.
She likes pop as much as he (does) / him.
2、“The + 比较级…, the + 比较级…”结构也可引导比较状语从句。如：
The more a man learns, the more he es his ignorance.
The higher the tree is, the stronger the wind is.
问题二：表示相同程度的比较有哪些常用结构？
1、as + 原级+ as；
2、the same (+ 表示量度的名词) ＋as。如：
He is about the same age as his cousin.
杭州观潮She knew he felt just the same as she did.
问题三：表示较高程度的比较有哪些常用结构？
1、比较级＋than；
2、the＋形容词比较级＋of＋名词。
问题四：表示最高程度的比较有哪些常用结构？”
1、表示“最”
（1）the + 最高级+ 比较范围；
（2）比较级+ than + any other + 名词单数
＝比较级+than any of the other +名词复数
＝比较级+than + anyone el / anybody el / anything el；
（3）比较级+ than + any + 名词单数（若比较双方不属同一范畴）；
（4）cond to none。
2、表示“最…之一”
（1）among ＋形容词最高级＋名词复数
（2）one of the ＋形容词最高级＋名词复数
问题五：表示“不如”结构
1、not ＋as / so ＋原级＋as；
2、less ＋原级＋than
问题六：比较状语从句中如何避免重复？
1、than引导从句时，从句中常省略与主句相同的部分。如：
Bill is taller than Bob (is).
2、than从句中，常用代动词do或did代替与主句相同的部分。如：
Now we speak more English than we did last term.
He looks as tall as his father does.
问题七：比较状语从句中须注意哪些问题？
1、须注意比较对象前后对应。如：
The population of Shanghai is larger than that in Beijing.
The texts in Book III are much more difficult than tho in Book I.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
Never before has our country been so powerful as she/it is today
2、as … as从句中，若副词as后的形容词修饰一个名词时，注意语序应为：as + adj. + n. + as。如：
I haven’t got as much money as /as many gifts as I thought.
She bought as nice a gift for her father as she had the year before.
问题八：其他与比较有关的结构有哪些？
1、“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”，表示“越…就越…”。如：
The more you read, the more you learn.
2、“比较级＋and＋比较级”，表示“越来越…”。多音节的形容词或副词就用“more and more + 原级”
As it was getting hotter and hotter, he became thirstier and thirstier.
She felt more and more excited, even frightened.
（七）方式状语从句（Adverbial Clau of Manner）
问题一：引导方式状语从句的连接词有哪些？
1、as if 和as though
（1）两者都表示“好像，as if 和as though引导的从句中，既可以用陈述语气，表示与事实相符的情况；也可以用虚拟语气，表示可能性很小或与事实不符的情况。如：
It looks as if it is going to rain.
The child talks as though he were a man.
2、as ，the way等。
（1）as 意为“像、正如…”
I want you to tell them your experience exactly as you have told it to me.
