Contents 目录
Physical constants, symbols, and conversion factors 7
物理常数，符号和转换因子 7
Fields of Advanced Difficulty 8
前沿难点领域 8
Theoretical problems 9
理论试题 9
Problem 1 Superacids 9
题1 超酸 9
Problem 2 Stabilization of high-valent transition metal ions 9
题2 高化合价（这里表示氧化态）过渡金属离子的稳定性
Problem 3 Colemanite mineral as boron source 10
题3 Colemanite（硬钙硼石）矿物作为硼来源 10
Problem 4 Magnesium compounds 11
题抱歉是什么意思4 镁的化合物 11
Problem 5 Nitrogen oxides and oxoanions 13
题5 氮的氧化物和氧杂阴离子（含氧酸根） 13
Problem 6 Ferrochrome 14
题6 铬酸铁 14
Problem 7 Xenon compounds 15
题7 氙的化合物 15
Problem 8 Structure of phosphorus compounds 16
题8 磷化合物的结构 16
Problem 9 Arnic in water 17
题9 水中的砷 17
Problem 10 Amphoteric lead oxide 18
题10 两性铅氧化物 18
Problem 11 Analyzing a mixture of calcium salts 19
题11 一份钙盐混合物的分析 19
Problem 12 Breath analysis 20
题12 呼吸分析 20
Problem 13 Decomposition kinetics of sulfuryl dichloride 21
题13 氯化硫酰的解离动力学office2010激活教程 21
Problem 14 Clock reaction 21
题14 时钟反应 21
Problem 15 Mixing ideal gas 23
题15 理想气体的混合 23
Problem 16 Kinetics in gas pha 23
题16 气象动力学烩饼 23
Problem 17 Chemical Equilibrium 24
题17 化学平衡 24
Problem 18 Iodine equilibrium 25
题18 碘平衡 25
Problem 19 Molecular weight determination by osmometry 26
题19 渗透压测量分析决定分子质量 26
Problem 20 Allowed energy levels and requirements for absorption of light 27
题20 允许的能级和吸收光的需求 27
Problem 21 Rotational and vibrational energy levels of a diatomic molecule 29
题21 双原子分子的转动和振动能级 29
Problem 22 Particle in a box: Cyanine dyes and polyenes 31
题22 盒子中的粒子（一维势箱）：氰基染料和多烯 31
Problem 23 Radioactive decay 33
题23 放射性衰变 33
琼珍灵芝Problem 24 Enzyme-substrate interaction 34
题24 酶-底物交互 34
Problem 25 Amides 35
题25 酰胺 35
Problem 26 NMR Spectroscopy 36
题26 NMR光谱 36
Problem 27 Cyclitols 40
题27 环状多醇 40
Problem 28 Antiviral antibiotic 42
题28 抗病毒抗体 42
Problem 29 Acyclic β-amino acids 45
题29 脂肪族β-氨基酸45
Problem 30 Life of Ladybug 47
题30 Ladybug的一生 47
Practical Problems, Safety 50
实验试题，安全性 50
Problem 31 Preparation of trans-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)-cobalt(III)chloride and
kinetics of its acid hydrolysis 51
题31 反-二氯二（乙二胺）合钴（III）的制备和其酸性水解的动力学 51
Problem 32 Analysis of calcium salts 53
题32 钙盐分析 53
Problem 33 Potassium bisoxalatocuprate(II) dihydrate: Preparation and analysis 56
幼儿园元宵节活动题33 水合二草酸根合铜（II）酸钾的制备和分析 56
Problem 34 Synthesis and analysis of aspirin 59
题34 阿司匹林的合成和分析 59
Problem 35 Determination of iron and copper by iodometric titration 62
题35 通过碘量滴定法测定铁和铜 62
Problem 36 Phenol propargylation: Synthesis of 1-nitro-4-(prop-2-ynyloxy)benzene
and (prop-2-ynyloxy)benzene 64
题36 苯酚炔丙化：1-硝基-4-（丙-2-酰氧基）苯和（丙-2-酰氧基）苯的合成 64
Problem 37 Huisgen dipolar cycloaddition: Copper(I)-catalyzed triazole formation 66
题37 惠斯更双偶极环加成：铜（I）催化下的三氮化合物的形成 66
Fields of Advanced Difficulty 前沿难点领域台球九球规则
Theoretical 绿色施工专项方案理论
Kinetics: Integrated first order rate equation; analysis of complex reaction
mechanisms using the steady state approximation; determination of reaction order
and activation energy.
动力学：一级反应速率方程式；稳态近似法分析复杂反应机理；决定反应级数与活化能
Thermodynamics: Relationship between equilibrium constant, electromotive force
and standard Gibbs free energy; the variation of equilibrium constant with
temperature.
热力学：平衡常数间的关系，电动力和标准吉布斯自由能；平衡常数随温度的变化
Quantum Mechanics: Energetics of rotational, vibrational, and electronic transitions
using simple model theories.
量子机理：使用简单模型理论解转动、振动和电子转移能态
Molecular Structure and Bonding Theories: The u of Lewis theory, VSEPR theory
and hybridization for molecules with coordination number greater than four.
分子结构和成键理论：Lewis理论，VSEPR理论和配位数大于4的分子杂交的应用
Inorganic Chemistry: Stereochemistry and isomerism in coordination compounds.
无机化学：配位化合物的立体化学和异构体理论
Spectroscopy: Interpretation of relatively simple 13C- and 1H-NMR spectra; chemical
shifts, multiplicities, coupling constants and integrals.
光谱：相对简单的13C-和1H-NMR光谱的解释；化学位移，复合度，耦合常数和积分
Practical 实验
Column chromatograpy.
柱色谱
Thin layer chromatography.
薄层色谱
Theoretical problems
中国吸笑气算犯法么理论试题
Problem 1 Superacids
题1 超酸
The acids which are stronger than pure sulfuric acid are called superacids. Superacids are
very strong proton donors being capable of protonating even weak Lewis acids such as Xe, H2, Cl2, Br2, and CO2. Cations, which never exist in other media, have been obrved in superacid solutions. George Olah received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1994 for the discovery of carbocation generation by using superacids. The enhanced acidity is due to the formation of a solvated proton. One of the most common superacids
can be obtained by mixing SbF5 and HF. When liquid SbF5 is dissolved in liquid HF (in molar ratio of SbF5/HF greater than 0.5) the SbF6 - and Sb2F11 - anions are formed, and the proton relead is solvated by HF.
