.41.What is supragmental phonology？What are supragmental features？
“Supragmental phonology”refers to the study of phonological properties of linguistic units larger than the gment called phoneme，皮开肉绽的意思such as syllable，word and ntence.
Hu Zhuanglin et al.,（p治疗牙周炎的药，73）includes stress,length and pitch as what they suppo to be“principal supragmental features”，calling the concurrent patterning of three“intonation”.Dai Weidong（pp23-25） lists three also，but they are stress，tone and intonation.
1.42.What is morphology？
“Morphology”is the branch of grammar that studies the internal structure of words，and the rules by which words are formed.It is generally divided into two fields： inflectional morphology and lexical/derivational morphology.
1.43.What is inflection/inflexion？
“Inflection”is the manifestation of grammatical relationships through the addition of inflectional affixes，such as number，长生果指的是什么person，finiteness，aspect，and ca，which does not change the grammatical class of the items to which they are attached.
1.44.What is a morpheme？What is an allomorph？
（1） The“morpheme”is the smallest unit in terms of relationship between expression and content，a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning，whether it is lexical or grammatical.The word“boxes”，for example，has two morphemes：“box”and“-es”，neither of which permits further division or analysis if we don't wish to sacrifice meaning.Therefore a morpheme is considered the minimal unit of meaning.
（2） Allomorphs，like allophones vs.phones，are the alternate shapes （and thus phonetic forms） of the same morphemes.Some morphemes，though，have no more than one invariable form in all contexts，such as“dog”，“cat”，etc.The variants of the plurality“-s”make the allomorphs thereof in the following examples：map-maps，mou-
mice，sheep-sheep etc.
1.45.What is a free morpheme？What is a bound morpheme？
A“free morpheme”is a morrpheme that constitutes a word by itlf，such as 'bed“，”tree“，etc.A ”bound morpheme“ is one that appears with at least another morpheme，计算机管理制度such as ”-s“ in ”beds“，”-al“ in ”national“ and so on.All monomorphemic words are free morphemes.Tho polymorphemic words are either compounds （combination of two or more free morphemes ）or derivatives （word derived from free morphemes）。
1.46.What is a root ？What is a stem？What is an affix？
A“root”is the ba form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity.In other words，a“root”win7启动项is that part of the word left when all the affixes are removed.“Internationalism”is a four-morpheme derivative which keeps its free morpheme“nation”as its root when“ inter-”，“-al”and“-ism”are taken away.
A“stem”is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an affix can be added.It may be the same as，and in other cas，different from，a root.For example，in the word“friends”,“friend”is both the root and the stem，but in the word“friendships”,“friendships”is its stem,“friend”is its root.Some words （i.e.，compounds ）have more than one root，e.g.，“mailman”,“girlfriend”，ect.
An“affix”is the collective term for the type of formative that can be ud，only when added to another morpheme（the root or stem）.Affixes are limited in number in a language，and are generally classified into three subtypes: prefix, suffix and infix，e.g.，“mini-”，“手指画教案un-”，ect.（prefix）；“-i”，“-tion”，ect.（suffix）。
1.47.What are open class？What are clod class？
In English，nouns，verbs，adjectives，and adverbs make up the largest part of the vocabulary.They are“open –class words”，since we can regularly add new lexical entries to the class.The other syntactic categories are，for the most part，clod class，or clod-class words.The number of them is hardly alterable，if they are changeable at
all.
1.48.What is lexicon？What is word？What is lexeme？What is vocabulary？Lexicon？Word？Lexeme？Vocabulary？老人与海书评
“Lexicon” ，in its most general n，is synonymous with vocabulary.In its technical n，however，lexicon deals with the analysis and creation of words，idioms and collocations.“Word”is a unit of expression which has universal intuitive recognition by native-speakers，whether it is expresd in spoken or written form.This definition is perhaps a little vague as there are different criteria with regard to its identification and definition.It ems that it is hard，梦见水稻even impossible，to define“word”linguistically.Nonetheless it is universally agreed that the following three ns are involved in the definition of“word”，none of which，though，is expected to cope with all the situations：（1）a physically definable unit，e.g.，[it iz 'w ]（phonological），“It is wonder”（orthographic）（2）the common factor underlying a t of forms （e what is the common factor of“checks”,“checked”,“checking ”etc.）（3）
a grammatical unit（look at （1）again；every word plays a grammatical part in the ntence）。
