文章内容 | 澳大利亚的某种害虫的幼虫啃食澳大利亚植物的根，为了解决的这种问题，澳大利亚从北美引入cane toad, 但事实证明cane toad的引入却是一种失败，并没有能够解决问题反而霸占了越来越多的其他动物群fanua的栖息地。 |
题型分布与答案参考 | 填空题7，判断题6 答案回忆待补充 |
相关拓展 | The rapid spread of Australia's cane toad pests They are toxic invaders that have conquered swathes of northern Australia as they continue their emingly irrepressible march west towards the Indian Ocean. Packed with poison and supremely adaptable, the dreaded cane toad, or Bufo marinus, has few friends in Australia, where a massive scientific and community effort has failed to stop their advance. "They probably have moved about halfway through that tropical region of Western Australia," explained Rick Shine, a professor in biology at the University of Sydney. "They are in very inaccessible country now in the Kimberley. It is very hard to get detailed information on exactly where the front is but it ems to be moving at 50 to 60km (31 to 37 miles) per annum." The warty amphibians move only during the wet ason. Although tracking studies have shown many hop less than 10 metres a day, tho at the front line have grown bigger and faster.手机卡通壁纸 "The guys at the invasion front up in the tropics are moving often kilometres in a single night and they have evolved this very distinctive behaviour," Prof Shine told the BBC. "They've actually evolved differences in shape and physiology as well. Esntially they have turned into the dispersal machines and they move as far as they can, as fast as they can." Experts are reluctant to speculate on how many of the unwelcome pests have been unleashed across Australia's north. They are prolific breeders - some estimates put the figure at around 1.5 billion - but it is impossible to know for sure. Australia has a long and depressing history of inadvertently introducing wrecking ball species as pets and livestock, or for sport. Examples include foxes, pigs and rabbits, goats, camels and cats. Invasive plants and fish have also had a dramatic effect on native flora and fauna, but it is the cane toad that is widely reviled above all el. How did they arrive? For Australia, the grim story began in the sugar cane plantations of Puerto Rico, which had imported giant toads from South America to eat the grubs that were devouring the crop. Word spread of the success of the bug-catching amphibians and by the 1930s, the cane toads were being nt around the world. In 1935, 101 toads arrived in Far North Queensland in areas including Cairns and Innisfail, before being bred in captivity. Their progeny was relead on missions to hunt and kill cane-destroying beetles on Australia's north-east coast. 打印纸尺寸Community toad “musters” have snared countless numbers over the years. In 2005 David Tollner, a former federal MP, famously urged Northern Territory residents to help squash the problem with their golf clubs and cricket bats - effectively turning eradication into sport. 原兽亚纲Then there was the so-called "bottom-line" defence supported by the RSPCA in Darwin, which recommended killing captured amphibians by smearing them with haemorrhoid cream, which acted as an anaesthetic. In 2009, toads crosd the Western Australian border with the Northern Territory, more than 2,000km from the site of their original relea 74 years earlier.要压岁钱 It was a dark day that conrvationists had both dreaded and en coming. The invasion penetrated the Kimberley region, an area three times the size of England and regarded as a wilderness frontier. "Sadly, the Kimberley has lost the battle to the cane toad. They have invaded clo to 70% of the Kimberley, so the toads are well and truly on their way to the northern coastal areas," said Lee Scott-Virtue, the president of Kimberley Toadbusters, a group she t up in 2004. "It has been a really disturbing lesson. The problem is they are adapting to dry, dert conditions. They are adjusting to very cold climates and they are actually starting to breed in saline water." Most recent discovery On Wednesday, wildlife rangers revealed a cane toad was found beside a road near Mount Kosciuszko in southern New South Wales. Authorities suspect it was carried in by a tourist, and have not found other evidence of the species there. Nonetheless, they are concerned. "There are certainly environment and times of the year when such an animal could persist (survive)," Dave Woods, a state wildlife officer, told the Australian Broadcasting Corp. He said toads could provide a fresh threat to endangered species in the area, a national park. The toads are devourers of incts and other small prey, but they are at their most destructive when they are eaten by larger predators, such as snakes, goannas and freshwater crocodiles. A large gland on the toad's shoulder is loaded with deadly cardiac toxins. In an unusual move, rearchers are trying to train predators to avoid larger cane toads by feeding them smaller specimens, which make them ill but should not kill them. The so-called taste-aversion strategies include feeding sausages made of minced amphibian to northern quolls, a carnivorous marsupial. They eat the meat, which caus vomiting, in the hope it will put them off eating toads again. A large-scale trial is due to start in Western Australia soon. Corrin Everitt, from the state's Department of Parks and Wildlife, told the BBC that while the project could ensure fewer large predators were lost, it would not halt the invasion.我开头的成语 "At the moment we're predicting the toads to take at least five years to reach the Broome area," she said. "They are an amazing animal when you take away all the ugliness about them. You just wish that our native species could be as adaptable and successful in colonising areas as they are." |
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