新闻词汇特色
英语新闻词汇特色(一)
流浪记原唱
现代社会发展迅猛,其结果之一便是新词语不断涌现。新中国成立以来,尤其是改革开放以来,现代汉语中出现了大量的新词汇,包括旧词新义、流行语、外来新词语等;甚至不少己湮没多年的旧词语也频频亮相,给人们,尤其是年轻一代,以耳目一新之感。在改革开放的今天,由于词典等工具书的编纂周期难以赶上现实生活中新词语的产生速度,广大英语学习者面临的一大难题就是,如何把这些新词语译成地道的英语。而英语报刊正好起到了为一般双语词典“拾遗补缺”的作用,如“双休日”、“拳头产品”、“人才流动”、“外向型经济”、“三资企业”、“扫黄运动”、“不正之风”、“小康水平”、“退居二线”、“有偿新闻”,“与国际接轨”等词语的英译,首先都是见诸英语报端的。现列举几则摘自英语报刊含有这类新词语英语表达的实例,以资佐证:
1. T aking advantage of the two-day dayoffs, he basked in the spring sunshine with his
family. 他和家人一起沐浴在春天的阳光之下,享受双休日所带来的乐趣。 2. The central government called on every region to develop its own export-oriented hit products according to its local advantages and characteristic. 中央政府号召各地利用本地优势和特点开发当地的出口型拳头产品。 3. In order to fully tap the human resources, the rational flow of trained personnel should not only be allowed but als
o be encouraged. 为了充分发掘人才潜力,不仅应该允许人才合理流动,而且还要鼓励人才流动。
4. T o further develop the export一oriented economy, Shanghai is to make a number of
preferential policies soon to encourage business people both at home and abroad to t up more enterpris in the three forms of ventures, i. e. enterpris for Sino-foreign joint venture, for Sino-foreign co-production and enterpris with sole foreign capital. 为了进一步发展外向型经济,上海最近将出台一系列优惠政策,以鼓励国内外经营者创建更多的三资企业,即中外合资企业、中外合作企业和外商独资企业。
5. The disappearance of such materials as pornographic and obscene books, periodicals and
tapes is proof that China’s campaign against porn is making progress. 黄色书刊及音响
闻一多简介
制品现己难觅踪迹,这证明了中国的扫黄运动正在取得进展。
6. Some austere measures should be taken to check the unhealthy tendencies which,
according to the press exposures, were rampant in some localities. 从新闻媒介所暴露的情况来看,不正之风在一些地区已非常严重,必须采取严格措施刹住这股歪风。7. The next objective for the Chi
ne people to strive for is to reach the well-to-do level. 中国人民的下一个奋斗目标是在本世纪末达到小康水平。
8. He works enthusiastically as ever even though he has retired from the leading post. 尽管己退居二线,他的工作热情丝毫不减。9. Journalists should firmly object to the payoffs-aimed journalism which deviates from朋友圈封面图片
press ethics. 新闻记者应坚决反对有偿新闻,因为它违背了新闻记者的职业道德。10. Many large companies in Shanghai have geared themlves to the international conventions and t up after-sales rvices accepting repairs and dealing with customers, complaints. 上海的许多大公司都专门设有售后服务中心,接受维修业务和处理客
卤猪头肉的做法及配料
户投诉,目的在于与国际接轨。
离开反义词以上诸例显示,阅读英语报刊不失为接触现代英语脉搏的一条事半功倍的捷径,这是传统教科书和一般双语词典所望尘莫及的。这一特点无疑有助于英语学习者紧紧跟上现代英语的发展步伐和提高英语的表达能力。类似的新词英译在英语报刊中俯拾即是,再举数例,以飨读者:
China’s actual conditions 中国国情bonded area 保税区be honest in performing one’s official duties
蚕豆开花廉洁奉公build a clean and honest government; construction of a clean government 廉政建设abu of power for personal gain; misu of power for private interest 以权谋私corruption reporting center 举报中心
be responsible for one’s own profit and loss 自负盈亏jack up price 哄抬物价
钢管舞娘with the inflation factors deducted; inflation adjusted 扣除物价上涨因素bureaucrat profiteering; bureaucrat racketeering 官倒single youth above the normal matrimonial age 大龄青年agricultural people to be given non-agricultural status 农转非
英语新闻词汇特色(二)
现代英语中表达新事物、新概念的新词新义大多是率先出现在英语报刊中,然后再流行于世的。这是因为一件新事物的出现,首先需要通过媒体来向大众宣传,这样,新事物的名称也就通过新闻先被人们所认识了。如euthanasia(安乐死),AIDS [acquired immune deficiency syndrome (艾滋病)],elevated highways (高架道路),information superhighway(信息高速公路),beeper(无线传呼机,俗称“拷机”、BP机),cellular phone (移动电话),value-added tax(增值税),latchkey child(挂钥匙的孩子),CD compact disc(光盘)],hula hoop(呼拉圈),surfing(冲浪运动),talk show(访谈节目;谈话类节目,karaoke(卡拉OK)等新词,无一不是通过英语报刊等
媒介传播后而为人们所熟知的。
人们用英语怎么说
可见,新闻媒介是日新月异的当今世界政治、经济、科技、文化乃至社会生活等各个触角的最佳表现渠道,现代英语中新词语的出现与这些领域里产生的新事物、新问题、新现象等无不一一有着千丝万缕的关系。现代汉语里这类因现实生活中新事物而出现的新词也比比皆是,如“物质文明”(material progress)、“精神文明”(intellectual and ideological development)、“五讲四美三热爱”(five advocatings,four points of beauty and three aspects of love)、“从事第二职业”(moonlight)、“斩(宰)客”(rip off)、