Title 49: Transportation
充电宝怎么用
第49篇：运输
PART 581—BUMPER STANDARD
第 581部分 – 保险杠标准
A UTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 32502; 322, 30111, 30115, 30117 and 30166; delegation of authority at 49 CFR
1.50.
岁月山河法定权威：美国法典编号49 U.S.C. 32502；322、30111、30115、30117和30166；以美国联邦法规49 CFR 1.50授权。
S OURCE: 42 FR 24059, May 12, 1977, unless otherwi noted.
来源：42 FR 24059，1977年5月12日，另有注明的情况除外。
§581.1 Scope.
§581.1 范围
This standard establishes requirements for the impact resistance of vehicles in low speed front and rear collisions.
本标准规定了在低速前后碰撞情况下对机动车辆的抗冲击性要求。
§581.2 Purpo.
§581.2 目的
The purpo of this standard is to reduce physical damage to the front and rear ends of a pasnger motor vehicle from low speed collisions.
本标准旨在减少低速碰撞对乘用机动车辆前后部造成的物理性损坏。
§581.3 Application.
§581.3 应用
This standard applies to pasnger motor vehicles other than multipurpo pasnger vehicles and l
ow-speed vehicles as defined in 49 CFR part 571.3(b).
本标准适用于除49 CFR 571.3(b)部规定的多用途乘用车和低速车辆外的乘用机动车辆。
[63 FR 33217, June 17, 1998]
【63 FR 33217，1998年6月17日】
§581.4 Definitions.
§581.4 定义
All terms defined in 49 U.S.C. 32101 are ud as defined therein.
49 U.S.C. 32101中定义的所有术语均按照49 U.S.C. 32101的定义诠释。
Bumper face bar means any component of the bumper system that contacts the impact ridge of the pendulum test device.
保险前杠系指接触摆锤试验装置撞击脊的任何保险杠系统部件。
[42 FR 24059, May 12, 1977, as amended at 64 FR 2862, Jan. 19, 1999]
【42 FR 24059，1977年5月12日，修订为64 FR 2862，1999年1月19】
§581.5 Requirements.
§581.5 要求
(a) Each vehicle shall meet the damage criteria of §§581.5(c)(1) through 581.5(c)(9) when impacted by a pendulum-type test device in accordance with the procedures of §581.7(b), under the conditions of §581.6, at an impact speed of 1.5 m.p.h., and when impacted by a pendulum-type test device in accordance with the procedures of §581.7(a) at 2.5 m.p.h., followed by an impact into a fixed collision barrier that is perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle, while traveling longitudinally forward, then longitudinally rearward, under the conditions of §581.6, at 2.5 m.p.h.
(a) 机动车辆在§581.6条件下，根据§581.7（b）程序以1.5 m.p.h.的冲击速度受到摆式试验装置撞击时，
以及在§581.6条件下以2.5 m.p.h.的速度纵向向前行驶然后纵向向后行驶的同时，根据§581.7（a）程序以2.5 m.p.h.的冲击速度受到摆式试验装置撞击并随即撞击与车辆行驶线垂直的固定碰撞障壁时，应达到§§581.5(c)(1)至581.5(c)(9)的损坏标准。
(b) [Rerved]
(b)【保留】
(c) Protective criteria. (1) Each lamp or reflective device except licen plate lamps shall be free of cracks and shall comply with applicable visibility requirements of S5.3.1.1 of Standard No. 108 (§571.108 of this chapter). The aim of each headlamp installed on the vehicle shall be adjustable to within the beam aim inspection limits specified in Table 1 of SAE Recommended Practice J599 AUG97, measured with the aiming method appropriate for that headlamp.
(c) 护标准。（1）各个灯或除牌照灯以外的反光装置不得有裂纹，并且应符合108号标准（本章的§571.108）S5.3.1.1的适用能见度要求。机动车辆上安装的各个前大灯的瞄准方向应该可以在SAE操作规程建议J599 AUG97中表1规定的光束瞄准检查范围内进行调整，测量方法为适用于该前大灯的瞄准方法。
(2) The vehicle's hood, trunk, and doors shall operate in the normal manner.
(2)机动车辆的发动机盖、后备箱和车门应正常运行。人教版五年级下册数学教案
(3) The vehicle's fuel and cooling systems shall have no leaks or constricted fluid passages and all s
ealing devices and caps shall operate in the normal manner.
(3) 动车辆的燃料和冷却系统不得存在泄漏或液体通道收缩，所有密封装置和封盖应正常运行。
(4) The vehicle's exhaust system shall have no leaks or constrictions.
(4) 动车辆的排气系统不得存在泄漏或收缩。
(5) The vehicle's propulsion, suspension, steering, and braking systems shall remain in adjustment and shall operate in the normal manner.
(5)机动车辆的推进系统、悬挂系统、转向系统和制动系统应保持调整状态并且应正常运行。
(6) A pressure vesl ud to absorb impact energy in an exterior protection system by the accumulation of gas pressure or hydraulic pressure shall not suffer loss of gas or fluid accompanied by paration of fragments from the vesl.小蜻蜓儿歌
(6)通过积聚气压或液压来吸收外部保护系统中的冲击能的压力容器不得发生伴随着碎片脱离容器的气体或液体损失。
(7) The vehicle shall not touch the test device, except on the impact ridge shown in Figures 1 and 2, with
a force that exceeds 2000 pounds on the combined surfaces of Planes A and B of the test device.
(7) 在图1和图2所示的撞击脊上，机动车辆不得接触试验装置，试验装置平面A和B的组合面上受力超过2000磅。
(8) The exterior surfaces shall have no parations of surface materials, paint, polymeric coatings, or other covering materials from the surface to which they are bonded, and no permanent deviations from their original contours 30 minutes after completion of each pendulum and barrier impact, except where such damage occurs to the bumper face bar and the components and associated fasteners that directly attach the bumper face bar to the chassis frame.
(8) 外表面不得出现表面材料、涂漆、聚合物涂层或其他覆盖涂料脱离其粘接表面，完成各个摆锤和障壁撞击的30分钟后，与最初轮廓相比，外表面不得发生永久变形，除非保险前杠及部件和直接连接保险前杠和底盘架构的相关紧固件受到此等损坏。
(9) Except as provided in §581.5(c)(8), there shall be no breakage or relea of fasteners or joints.
(9) 除§581.5(c)(8)中的规定外，不得有破损，或者紧固件或连接不得脱开。
[42 FR 24059, May 12, 1977, as amended at 42 FR 38909, Aug. 1, 1977; 43 FR 40231, Sept. 11, 1978;
47 FR 21837, May 20, 1982; 64 FR 16360, Apr. 5, 1999; 64 FR 49092, Sept. 10, 1999]
【42 FR 24059，1977年5月12日，修订为42 FR 38909，1977年8月1日；43 FR 40231，1978年9月11日；47 FR 21837，1982年5月20日；64 FR 16360，1999年4月5日；64 FR 49092，1999年9月10日】
§581.6 Conditions.
§581.6 条件
The vehicle shall meet the requirements of §581.5 under the following conditions.
机动车辆应在下列条件下达到§581.5的要求。
(a) General. (1) The vehicle is at unloaded vehicle weight.
(a) 概述。（1）机动车辆为空载车重。
(2) The front wheels are in the straight ahead position.
(2) 前轮朝向正前方。
(3) Tires are inflated to the vehicle manufacturer's recommended pressure for the specified loading condition.
(3)轮胎充气，达到车辆制造商针对指定荷载条件推荐的压力。
(4) Brakes are dingaged and the transmission is in neutral.
(4) 刹车松开，变速箱处于空档。
(5) Trailer hitches, licen plate brackets, and headlamp washers are removed from the vehicle. Running lights, fog lamps, and equipment mounted on the bumper face bar are removed from the vehicle if they are optional equipment.
(5)拖车挂接装置、牌照托架和前大灯清洗器已从车辆上移除。行驶灯、雾灯和保险前杠上安装的设备（如果是选配设备）已从车辆上移除。
(b) Pendulum test conditions. The following conditions apply to the pendulum test procedures of §581.7
(a) and (b).
(b) 摆锤试验条件。以下条件适用于§581.7（a）和（b）的摆锤试验程序。
(1) The test device consists of a block with one side contoured as specified in Figure 1 and Figure 2 with the impact ridge made of A1S1 4130 steel hardened to 34 Rockwell “C.” The impact ridge and the surfaces in Planes A and B of the test device are finished with a surface roughness of 32 as specified by SAE Recommended Practice, June 1963. From the point of relea of the device until the ont of rebound, the pendulum suspension system holds Plane A vertical, with the arc described by any point on the impact line lying in a vertical plane (for §581.7(a), longitudinal; for §581.7(b), at an angle of 30° to a vertical longitudinal plane) and having a constant radius of not less than 11 feet.
(1) 试验装置包括一个块体，其一面轮廓如图1和图2所示，撞击脊采用34洛氏“C”硬化A1S1 4130钢制作。撞击脊和试验装置平面A和B中的表面按照1963年6月SAE操作规程建议J449A的规定加工达到32的表面粗糙度。从释放装置到开始回弹，摆锤悬挂系统保持平面A垂直，通过撞击线上任何一点描绘
的弧线位于垂直面上（对于§581.7（a），呈纵向；对于§581.7（b），与垂直纵面成30°角），等半径不小于11英尺。
(2) With Plane A vertical, the impact line shown in Figures 1 and 2 is horizontal at the same height as the test device's center of percussion.
(2)平面A保持垂直，图1和2所示的撞击线在与试验装置的碰撞中心同样的高度上保持水平。
(3) The effective impacting mass of the test device is equal to the mass of the tested vehicle.
(3) 试验装置的有效冲击质量等于受试车辆的质量。
(4) When impacted by the test device, the vehicle is at rest on a level rigid concrete surface.
(4)受到试验装置撞击时，车辆静止在刚性混凝土水平面上。
(c) Barrier test condition. At the ont of a barrier impact, the vehicle's engine is operating at idling speed in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. Vehicle systems that are not necessary to the movement of the vehicle are not operating during impact.
(c)障壁试验条件。开始障壁撞击时，车辆的发动机根据制造商规范以空转速度运行。对于车辆运动并非必要的车辆系统在撞击过程中不运行。
(Authority: Sec. 102, Pub. L. 92-513, 86 Stat. 947 (15 U.S.C. 1912); cs. 103, 119, Pub. L. 89-563, 80 Stat. 718 (15 U.S.C. 1392, 1407); delegation of authority at 49 CFR 1.50 and 501.7)
（法定权威：第102条，公法编号92-513，86 Stat. 947（15 U.S.C. 1912）；第103、119条，公法编号89-563，80 Stat. 718（15 U.S.C. 1392、1407）；根据49 CFR 1.50和501.7授予权力）
[42 FR 24059, May 12, 1977, as amended at 42 FR 38909, Aug. 1, 1977; 48 FR 43331, Sept. 23, 1983]【42 FR 24059，1977年5月12日，修订为42 FR 38909，1977年8月1日；48 FR 43331，1983年9月23日】
§581.7 Test procedures.
§581.7 试验程序
(a) Longitudinal impact test procedures. (1) Impact the vehicle's front surface and its rear surface two times each with the impact line at any height from 16 to 20 inches, inclusive, in accordance with the following procedure.
(a)纵向撞击试验程序。（1）按照以下程序两次撞击车辆正面和背面，每次撞击线的高度在16至20英寸（含）之间。
尚芸菲
(2) For impacts at a height of 20 inches, place the test device shown in Figure 1 so that Plane A is vertical and the impact line is horizontal at the specified height.
(2) 冲击高度为20英寸时，按图1所示放置试验装置，使在指定的高度上平面A垂直而撞击线水平。
(3) For impacts at a height between 20 inches and 16 inches, place the test device shown in Figure 2 so that Plane A is vertical and the impact line is horizontal at a height within the range.轻松近义词
(3) 冲击高度在16至20英寸之间时，按图2所示放置试验装置，使在此范围内的高度上平面A垂直而撞击线水平。
(4) For each impact, position the test device so that the impact line is at least 2 inches apart in vertical direction from its position in any prior impact, unless the midpoint of the impact line with respect to the vehicle is to be more than 12 inches apart laterally from its position in any prior impact.
(4) 每次撞击时，试验装置的放置位置要保证撞击线在垂直方向上与前一次撞击时所处位置至少相隔2
英寸，除非相对于车辆的撞击线中点与前一次撞击时所处的位置在横向上相隔大于12英寸。
(5) For each impact, align the vehicle so that it touches, but does not move, the test device, with the vehicle's longitudinal centerline perpendicular to the plane that includes Plane A of the test device and with the test device inboard of the vehicle corner test positions specified in §581.7(b).
(5)每次撞击时，调整车辆对齐，使其接触试验装置但不会造成装置移动，车辆的纵向中心线垂直于平面，包括试验装置的平面A，同时试验装置位于§581.7（b）中规定的车角试验位置内侧。
(6) Move the test device away from the vehicle, then relea it to impact the vehicle.
(6) 移动试验装置使其远离车辆，然后释放装置撞击车辆。
(7) Perform the impacts at intervals of not less than 30 minutes.给对象写的情话
(7) 两次撞击之间的间隔不少于30分钟。
(b) Corner impact test procedure. (1) Impact a front corner and a rear corner of the vehicle once each with the impact line at a height of 20 inches and impact the other front corner and the other rear corner once each with the impact line at any height from 16 to 20 inches, inclusive, in accordance with the following procedure.
(b)车角撞击试验程序。（1）根据以下程序，撞击车辆的一个前角和一个后角各一次，每次撞击时，撞击线高度为20英寸，撞击车辆的另一前角和另一后角各一次，每次撞击时，撞击线高度在16至20英寸（含）之间。
(2) For an impact at a height of 20 inches, place the test device shown in Figure 1 so that Plane A is vertical and the impact line is horizontal at the specified height.
(2) 冲击高度为20英寸时，按图1所示放置试验装置，使在指定的高度上平面A垂直而撞击线水平。
(3) For an impact at a height between 16 inches and 20 inches, place the test device shown in Figure 2 so that Plane A is vertical and the impact line is horizontal at a height within the range.
(3)冲击高度在16至20英寸之间时，按图2所示放置试验装置，使在此范围内的高度上平面A垂直而撞击线水平。
(4) Align the vehicle so that a vehicle corner touches, but does not move, the lateral center of the test device with Plane A of the test device forming an angle of 60 degrees with a vertical longitudinal plane.
(4)调整车辆对齐，使一个车角接触试验装置的横向中心但不造成装置移动，同时保持试验装置的平面
A 与垂直纵面成60度角。
(5) Move the test device away from the vehicle, then relea it to impact the vehicle.
(5) 移动试验装置使其远离车辆，然后释放装置撞击车辆。
(6) Perform the impact at intervals of not less than 30 minutes.
(6) 两次撞击之间的间隔不少于30分钟。
顶视图平面B
切线
歌乐山森林公园平面A 侧视图 撞击脊
撞击线
正视图 图1
