英语单词构词法
在英语中，词的构成方式主要以下六种。
一、 合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。
方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。
责任与义务
1) 合成形容词 方式
例词 1形容词＋形容词 red-hot
2形容词＋名词 first-class, full-time, part-time 3形容词＋现在分词 good-looking, free-thinking, 4形容词＋过去分词 ready-made
5形容词＋名词-ed good-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded 6名词＋名词-ed iron-willed
7名词＋形容词 world-famous, day-long
8名词＋现在分词 beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting, 9名词＋过去分词 man-made, water-covered, 10副词＋形容词 ever-green
11副词＋现在分词 hard-working, far-eing
12副词＋过去分词 well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known 13数词＋名词 five-year 14数词＋名词+形容词 five-year-old
15数词＋名词-ed four-legged, six-storied
2)合成动词 好好五月天
构成方式 例词
1名词＋动词 day-dream
2对心理学的认识副词＋动词 overcome, upturn翻起 3形容词＋动词 white-wash
(3)合成名词 构成方式 例词
1名词＋名词 horback , bank-note, newspaper, cellphone, 2形容词＋名词 back-yard, forehead, 3动名词＋名词 hiding place, reading-room 4动词＋副词 get-off, break in, 5副词＋动词
婴幼儿服装output, overflow
(4)合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever
(5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, mylf, something, anything,
二、派生 Derivation
前缀
前缀 含义 学术讲座例词
a- 处在…… ari, aside, alone en- 使可能 enrich, enable, enslave
dis- 不，否定 dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, disagree
un- 不，做相反动作
unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair, unclo, undress, uncover, untie
in- im- ir- il- 不，非
inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect
impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impractical irregular, irresponsible illogical,
non- 不，非 non existent, non-interference, non-conductor, non-stop
de- 向相反方向发展 Decentralize（分散）, defrost（解冻）
anti- 反（对） anti-freeze, anti-fascist
mis- 错误的，坏的 misdoings, misunderstand, misfortune
re 重复，再 rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle,
co- 共同 co-exist, co-operate, co-education
ex 以前的 Ex-husband, ex-president
tele 远程 telephone, telegraph, telescope
super- 在上面，超级 supermarket, superpower,
under- 在……之下 underline, underestimate, underground,
inter- 相互，之间 international, interact, inter-change
sub- 下，次 subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent,
trans- 过，穿过，变 transformation(变形), translate
vice- 副 vice-premier, vice-president
mi- 半 mifinal, micircle, mi-automatic
bi 两个 bicycle, biennial两年一次的
tri 三个 triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎
mul- 多，多种 multiply, multi-national, multi-coloured
kilo- 千 kilometre, kilogram
后缀
后 缀 例 词
名 词
-er
燃气安全宣传farmer, weaver, pain-killer, murderer, , villager, stranger, speaker, cooker, recorder, heater
-ess actress, waitress, princess, hostess -or conductor, sailor, transistor, operator,
-ar beggar
-e Chine, Portugue, Japane
-ian musician, Egyptian, physician
-ist scientist, dentist, communist, socialist,
-ent/-ant assistant
-ment argument, judgment, government
-ness happiness, greatness, illness, coldness, sleeplessness
-tion dictation, preparation, repetition, action, information, invention
-ing building, wedding, painting
-e Chine, Portugue, Japane -ian musician, Egyptian, physician
-ship leadership, friendship, hardship
-age shortage, marriage, leakage
-
ty loyalty, cruelty, penalty, sixty, twenty, thirty, certainty -th truth, warmth, length, growth, fifteenth, fourth
-ance acceptance, assistance, reliance, appearance
-ence dependence, confidence, reference, entrance, defence -ful mouthful, handful, plateful,
-al refusal, denial, arrival -y difficulty, possibility, -dom freedom, wisdom, kingdom
-ism socialism, materialism
注意： -e, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。
-er 构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。
后 缀 例李商隐的无题 词
形 容 词
-
al central, industrial, national, natural
-an European, American, Australian -ern eastern, northern, southern
-able reasonable, horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable, forgettable, nsible
-ful careful, cheerful, grateful, faithful,
-ish childish, Swedish, lfish
-ive destructive, collective, active, creative, effective
-y thirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny
-less careless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless
-en golden, wooden, woolen
-ous courageous, famous, continuous, rious, various
-ary imaginary, revolutionary, condary
-ic realistic, historic, poetic 冬天适合去哪旅游
-some troublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome
-like childlike, womanlike, manlike
