Francis Bacon（1561—1626）
Of studies
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（201010652）
Abstract: Francis Bacon: lawyer, courtier, statesman, philosopher, and master of the English tongue, was born and brought up in London. And he is believed to be the first to write essays in English. “Of studies” is the 50th essay in The Essays of Bacon, discuss the functions and abus of learning. His advice on proper methods of reading is of great help; his ideas about the cultivating of human characters through appropriate studies are really pertinent. This essay impress the reader not only by its argumentative strength but also by its elegance of style.
Key words: Francis Bacon, Essay, The 50th, Method.
1. Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon was an ambitious English philosopher, writer, and statement of the early 17th century. Born in London on January 22, 1561, he was the son of Sir Nicholas Bacon, the lord keeper of the great al under Elizabeth I. Young Bacon showed scholarly promi as a boy, and enterer Cambridge at 13. At 16 he went to Paris, but on the death of his father returned to England and took up the practice of law. He became a Member of Parliament and upon the accession of James I in 1601, Bacon began a ri to the highest government posts. [1]
Knighted in 1603, Bacon continued to gain favor with the king and became attorney general (1613), lord keeper (1617) and Lord Chancellor (1618). He was created Baron Verulam in 1618, and became Viscount St. Albans in 1621. But here his career took a sharp turn downward. The same year that he became Viscount. Bacon was accud of- a
nd confesd to-accepting bribes in his position of chancellor. Officially banished from court and prevented from holding office, Bacon spent his last years in retirement. [1]
Despite this active political career, Bacon is better known now for his career as a scientific thinker. He was the author of many works, in both English and Latin, on subjects including history, medicine, philosophy and law. He undertook scientific experiments and propod a complete reorganization of the scientific method and systems of thought of the time. Bacon intended to write an enormous philosophical treati, Instauration Magna, but completed only two parts: The Advancement of Learning (1605) and 痴心绝对原唱Novum Organum母亲节祝福语 (1620).
It was a scientific experiment that apparently led to Bacon’s death. In the spring of 1626, while being driven through a snowy countryside, he hit on the idea of using snow to prerve food. He stopped, bought a chicken, killed and cleaned it, and packed the inside with pneumonia, and he dies a few days later.
Bacon’s writings are by no means confined to the field of natural philosophy. He wrote a p
lay, many pamphlets on current political topics, an unfinished account of an ideal state and much el. But by far his most popular work is his Essays, publishes in three editions in his lifetime. The essays are a collection of shrew obrvations as to how, in fact, men do get on in life; human nature, not as it ought to be, but as it is. They cover an immen variety of topics and are written in s clear, conci, at times almost epigrammatic, style. Some of the best-know saying in English come from the essays. Here are a few sayings from some of the essays (the title of the essay is put in brackets):肚子饿怎么办
Men fear death as children fear to go in the dark. (Death)
All colors will agree in the dark. (Unity in Religion)
Why should I be angry with a man for loving himlf better than me? (Revenge)
If a man be gracious to strangers, it shows he is s citizen of the world哪些食物去湿气比较好. (Goodness) 青眼影沉沉The remedy is wor than the dia. (Trouble)
A wi man will make more opportunities than he finds. (Ceremonious and Respects) [1]
scr脱硝原理
2．Literature of review各种各样的蔬菜
金典老歌2.1. Historical Background of the English Renaissance
In England, the Wars of the Ros ended when Henry Tudor defeated his opponents and became King Henry VII. Henry VII was from the Hou of Lancaster, reprented by the red ro and he married a daughter from the Hou of York, reprented by the white ro, so the rivals were united. The Wars of the Ros thoroughly weakened feudalism, and actually killed off most of the powerful nobles. After the war, there was nothing to prevent the centralization of political power. The new monarchy, the Tudors, depended on the support of the bourgeoisie, becau now the English merchant class had become economically strong.
There are veral important social events. One is the agrarian revolution, the large-scale enclosure of common land. The land turned into pasture to breed sheep, driving many peasants to the cities. The cond event is the development of the clothing industry; this is important becau it was the beginning of the English capitalist production and it also gave new impetus to another social event, the geographical exploration and trade expansion. In 1492, Columbus discovered America, and this discovery nt many more explorers to ek new colonies. In England, the exploration had two objects; one was the quest of gold and silver, and the other was the finding of new markets for English cloth. The forth major historical event is the Reformation. King Henry’s first wife Catherine had no son; the desire for a son lid the king to ask to ask the Pope in Rome to declare his marriage invalid, so that he could marry again. When he was met with refusal, he got the English churchmen to declare his marriage invalid and married Anne Boleyn. Again the Pope refud to recognize the marriage. Henry took this opportunity to parate the English Church from Rome and he himlf became the supreme head of the English Church. Henry’s action was not an isolated event. Long before his cond marriage, ther
e had been movement of religious reformation in England. The eventual paration with Rome was the result of the Reformation as well as the growing pressure from the merchant class who were tired of the control from Rome. [1]
