英文写作中如何正确使用标点符号
Reference for group study of punctuation marks
I. Comma
木偶兵进行曲What does a comma indicate in a ntence?
A pau within a ntence.
It Separates one part of a ntence from another part.
Tips for using comma
1. In a compound ntence, a comma is to join coordinate claus(并列句，又叫compound ntences). It is put before the conjunction(and, but, or, for, so, nor, yet)(逗号和并列连词连用). Examples:
He asked the question in a loud voice, but no one answered.
We were tired, and we decided to have a rest.
Come early, or you’ll miss the show.
She couldn’t go to the airport to meet him, nor could she nd anyone in her stead.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.（注意for作并列连词时表示原因）
He is an eccentric boy, yet you can’t help liking him.
2. A comma is ud after an adverbial clau（状语从句）or phra (including a prepositional phra介词词组and a participial phra分词词组) before the subject of the ntence or in the middle of the ntence.
Example:
When the bell rang, the teacher dismisd the class.
雪的英语In the ancient palace, they saw the throne where emperors ud to sit.
Born and brought up in the South, she is not ud to eating wheat.
The audience, interested in the topic, asked the speaker many questions.
2-b Omission: The comma is often omitted when an adverbial element follows the main clau.（状语从句中主句在前，从句在后时，中间的逗号总是去掉的）
E.g. She decided to study English although she was interested in music.
Although she was interested in music, she finally decided to study English.沟通机制
3. Commas are ud to parate a ries of words or phras having the same function in the ntence.
E.g.: The little girl likes to sing, to dance, and to act.
She buys bread, butter, vegetables, and many other things from this supermarket.
（注意：英语中没有顿号。）
4. Nonrestrictive claus （非限制性定语从句）and phras （非限制性作定语的词组）are t off by commas:
Wang Ling, who is the best singer of the class, will teach us to sing the song.
He had to leave his home town, where he had lived ever since he was born.
4-a Restrictive claus and phras are not t off by commas.
The young man who is talking with the foreign reporters is the inventor of the machine.
This is the hou where the famous poet was born.
Restrictive v.s. Nonrestrictive（区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）
限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。
非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其
先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。
5. Commas t off parenthetical elements（插入成分/插入语）.
Ex: Your work, I’m sorry to say, is not satisfactory.
The doctor, in fact, has done very little work.
6. In dates, a comma is ud to parate the day from the year if the order is month-day-year. No comma is ud if the order is day-month-year:
E.g. she was born on 24 May 1979/ May 24, 1979.（这里日和年都是数字形式，并且挨得很近，自然需要逗号隔开才容易区分）
6-a When you u just the month and the year, no comma is necessary after the year: The average temperatures for July 1998 are the highest on record for that month."
7. With numbers over 1.000, commas are often ud to parate digits by thousands.
319,087
23,654,085
8. U commas to t off all geographical names（地点名称）, address (except the street number门牌号and name).（在写地址时各个地点名称之间用逗号隔开会使人看得更清楚，而门牌号是数字形式，因此没必要用逗号区分。）
e.g. 1. Birmingham, Alabama, gets its name from Birmingham, England.
2. Who lives at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC?
Attention: do not join two ntences with a comma only; such an error is called run-on ntences or a comma fault.( e examples on page 126)
Exerci: correct the mistakes in the u of punctuation.
美甲颜色1.. We are studying and living at the famous university — Beijing University.
薪酬计划
Correct: We are studying and living at the famous university , Beijing University.
离婚需要多长时间汉语中的破折号标明行文中解释说明的部分,而英文同位语也具有同等说明的功能,对于同位语,英语一般使用逗点而不用破折号。
2.We were led into a nearest fabric shop that was divided into two parts.
宽容是什么排比句Correct:We were led into a nearest fabric shop , which was divided into two parts.
从句意来看,上句是一个非限制性定语从句,故应在shop 后加逗点,把that 相应改成which 3.We will go there , if it is fine tomorrow.
Correct: If it is fine tomorrow , we will go there. 或We will go there if it is fine tomorrow.
莲花塔4.She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , however ,she didn’t care for that . Correct:She thought what the teacher pointed out was right ; however , she didn’t care for that . 或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right . however , she didn’t care for that . 或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , but she didn’t care for that .
