Differences in Pul Spectrum Analysis Between Atopic Dermatitis and Nonatopic Healthy Children
Abstract
Objectives: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergy that caus the skin to be dry and itchy. It appears at an early age, and is cloly associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Thus, AD is an indicator that other allergies may occur later. Literatures indicate that the molecular basis of patients with AD is different from that of healthy individuals. According to the classics of Traditional Chine Medicine, the body constitution of patients with AD is also different. The purpo of this study is to determine the differences in pul spectrum analysis between patients with AD and nonatopic healthy individuals.
Methods: A total of 60 children (30 AD and 30 non-AD) were recruited for this study.
A pul spectrum analyzer (SKYLARK PDS-2000 Pul Analysis System) was ud to measure radial arterial pul waves of subjects.Original data were then transformed to frequency spectrum by Fourier transformation. The relative strength of each harmonic wave was calculated. Moreover, the differences of harmonic values between patients with AD and non-atopic healthy individuals were compared and contrasted.崇山峻岭的意思
dota攻略Results: This study showed that harmonic values and harmonic percentage of C3 (Spleen Meridian, according to Wang’s hypothesis) were significantly different. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that C3 (Spleen Meridian) is a good index for the determination of atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the pul spectrum analyzer is a valuable auxiliary tool to distinguish a patient who has probable tendency to have AD and/or other allergic dias.
Introduction
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common pruritic chronic inflammatory allergic dia. Approximately 10% of all children in the world are affected by atopic
dermatitis,typically in the tting of a personal or family history of asthma or allergic rhinitis. It occurs in infancy and early childhood. Sixty percent (60%) of the symptoms manifest in the first year of life, and 85% by 5 years of age. Early ont and clo association with other atopic conditions, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, make atopic dermatitis an excellent indicator that other allergies may occur later.
A number of obrvations suggest that there is a molecular basis for atopic dermatitis; the include the findings of genetic susceptibility, immune system deviation, and epidermal barrier dysfunction. M
oreover, according to the classics of Traditional Chine Medicine, the body constitution of atopic dermatitis patients was also different. Establishment of scientific methods using pul diagnosis will assist
the diagnosis and follow-up of AD.
"Organs Resonance"brought up by Wei-Kung Wang provided a scientific explanation for "pul condition" and "Qi." Organs, heart, and vesls can produce coupled oscil-lation, which minimize the resistance of blood flow, resulting in better circulation. The changes of radial arterial pul spectrum can reflect the harmonic energy redistribution of a specific organ. Several of the previous studies demonstrate that variations in the harmonics of pul spectrum can be ud in many fields, including dias, acupuncture,Chine herbal medications and clinical obrvation. The new method offers an extraordinary vision of medical investigation by combining pul spectrum analysis with Traditional Chine Medicine as well as modern medicine. Wang propod that the peak values of numbered harmonics might be the reprentations of each visceral organ,C1 for Liver, C2 for Kidney, C3 for Spleen, etc.
胃不好的症状Materials and Methods
Subjects
学习雷锋歌词In total, 60 children (3–15 years of age), comprising 30 with AD (AD group) and 30 nonatopic healthy (non-AD group),participated in the study. The diagnosis of AD was bad on the criteria defined by the United Kingdom working party.Nonatopic healthy was defined as tho who had no known health problems and no personal or family history of allergic dias, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, etc.
中山十景The experiment protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of China Medical University (approval number: DMR97-IRB-087). The written informed connts were obtained from the parents of all participants before they enrolled in this study.
Children with a history of major chronic dias, such as arrhythmia, ardiomyopathy, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, hyperthyroidism, difficult asthma,malignancy, and so on were excluded from this study.
Tho who suffered from any acute dia (e.g., acute upper airway infection or acute gastroenteritis in recent 7days), were also excluded from this experiment. Radial arterial pul test
A pul spectrum analyzer (SKYLARK PDS-2000 Pul Analysis System, approved by Department
乘法口诀速记法
of Health, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. [Taiwan] with a licen number 0023302) was ud to record radial arterial pul waves. The pressure transducer of the pul spectrum analyzer detected artery pressure pul with 100-Hz sampling rate and 25mm/ c scanning rate. The output data were stored in digital form in an IBM PC. The subjects were asked to rest for 20 minutes prior to pul measurements. All procedures were performed in a bright and quiet room with a constant temperature of 258C–268C. Puls were recorded during 3:00 pm–5:00 pm to avoid the fasting or ingestion effect.
Data processing
We transformed original data to spectrum data by Fourier transform as Wang et al described earlier.Briefly, original data were stored as time-amplitude. Mathematics software Matlab 6.5.1 (The MathWorks Inc.) provided Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) technique to transform time-amplitude data to frequency-amplitude data. Then regular isolated harmonic in a multiple of fundamental frequency appeared.The
finding gave a spectrum reading up to the 10th harmonic (Cn, n¼0–10). Intensity of harmonics above the 11th became very small and was neglected. Thereafter, the relative harmonic values of each harmonic were calculated ac-
cording to Wang’s hypothesis.Harmonic percentage of Cn was defined as
Statistical analysis
The experimental data were analyzed by Statistical software SPSS 13.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc.). Comparisons of the harmonic values and the harmonic percentage and the agedistribution between patients with AD and nonatopic healthy individuals were performed using the Student's two samples t test. Comparisons of the x distribution between patients with AD and nonatopic healthy individuals were performed using the X2 test. Comparisons of the harmonic values and the harmonic percentage between left hand and right hand were performed using the Student's pairedsamples t test. All comparisons were two-tailed, and p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results
In total, 60 children (30 AD and 30 non-AD) participated in the study. The average age of the 60 subjects is 8.02+2.95 years. Baline characteristics of all participants are shown in Table 1. There i
s no significant difference in age and gender between the two groups.
Relative harmonic values of right radial arterial pul spectrum analysis are shown in Table 2. Relative harmonic values of left radial arterial pul spectrum analysis are shown in Table 3. Harmonic percentages of right radial arterial pul spectrum analysis are shown in Table 4. Harmonic percentages of left radial arterial pul spectrum analysis are shown in Table 5.
In this study, the relative harmonic values of both right and left radial arterial pul spectrum analysis are lower in the AD group. The relative harmonic values of C3 are significantly different ( p¼0.004, 0.059, respectively). Moreover, when comparing
them by parameter of harmonic percent age, C3 are significantly decread in the AD group in both right and left radial arterial pul spectrum analys ( p¼0.045, 0.036, respectively). The results illustrated the clo relationship between C3 (Spleen Meridian) and AD.
Discussion
According to the theory of Traditional Chine Medicine,the pathophysiologic mechanisms of AD are "inborn deficiency in body constitution, poor tolerance to environmental stimulants, Spleen Meridian not working well, interiorly generating wet and heat; infected with wind-wetness-heat-evil further, then suffering from tho accumulating in skin." AD is a dia involving multiple dysfunctions of the visceral organs (Zang-Fu) rather than a constitutive skin defect.‘‘Spleen wetness’’ is usually considered a major syndrome of AD, which is compatible wi t h our findi n gs.
On the other hand, there are also differences in C0 (Heart Meridian), C1 (Liver Meridian), C4 (Lung Meridian) of right hand ( p¼0.014, 0.005, 0.021, respectively) and C1 (Liver Meridian) of left hand ( p¼0.038) between the two groups.The findings appear to have a clo relationship between AD and other visceral organs (Zang-Fu). It requires further rearch to clarify the clinical meanings of the differences.
In the prent experiment, the clo relationship between C3 (Spleen Meridian, referred toWang’s hypothesis) and AD is illustrated. The result verifies Wang’s hypothesis about the relationship between harmonics and Meridians. Moreover,our experiment also has proved that the pul spectrum analyzer is a suitable auxiliary tool for diagnosing and following up patients with AD.
Conclusions
相敬如宾是什么意思In conclusion, it was determined that C3 (Spleen Meridian) is a valued index for the determination of atopic dermatitis. Also, the pul spectrum analyzer is a practi c al noninvasive diagnostic tool to allo
w scientific and objecti v e di a gnosi s.北京装甲兵工程学院
However, the pul diagnosis technique is just in the beginning stage. Even though the discovery from the prent study ems clear, it derves further study. Acknowledgments
This rearch was performed in a private clinic for pediatrics specialty, the Hwaishen clinic. The Hwaishen Clinic is acknowledged for their full support of this rearch. Disclosure Statement
No competing financial interests exist.
