specific reference特指 | definite/indefinite/zero article定/不定/零冠词 | indefinite determiner不定限定词 |
generic reference类指/泛指 | posssive determiner物主限定词 | cardinal numeral基数词 |
definite quantity确定数量 | genitive noun名词属格 | ordinal numeral 序数词 |
indefinite quantity非确定数量 | demonstrative determiner指示限定词(this, that, the, tho, such) | multiplicative numeral倍数词 |
fractional numeral分数词 | ||
referential meaning所指意义 | relative determiner关系限定词(who, which) | quantifier量词(a lot of/plenty of, a great/good deal of, a large/small amount/quantity of, a great/good number of) |
interrogative determiner 疑问限定词(what, which, who) | ||
| 陡怎么读 |
只能与其中一类名词搭配的限定词 | 只能与单数搭配的限定词 | a/an, one ,another, each/every, either/neither, many a/such a等。 It should be compulsory reading for every adult. Neither accusation is true.(两项指控都不能成立) |
只能与复数搭配的限定词 | Both, two/three, another two/ three, many, (a) few, veral, the/tho, a (great) number of等。E.g. In another two weeks, it will be finished. | |
只能与不可数搭配的限定词 | a (little) bit of, a large amount of, a great deal of, (a) little, much, less, (the) least等。 There is little doubt that he and his accomplices are guilty. 网络游戏有哪些The Square was the scene of much fighting in last year's revolution. I can speak a bit of French and understand more.（理解比口语好一些） | |
能与其中二类名词搭配的限定词 | 能与单、复数搭配的限定词 | the first/cond/last/next等。 My first reaction was to hit him, but he was old, and my cond was to resign. The next thing he heard was an insistent knocking on the door of his room. The last three shipments of grain for West Africa haven't yet arrived.(运往西非的三船谷物尚未达到) |
能与单数、不可数搭配的限定词 | this/that等。My family have lived in that village for many generations. Whoever had come up with this idea derved a medal. I hope to enjoy that feeling again before long. | |
能与复数、不可数搭配的限定词 | A lot of/lots of/plenty of, enough, more/most, such, other等。 Like all such stories, that is largely a myth.(像所有这类故事一样，那个故事在很大程度上也是虚构的) Such optimism had become strangely out of place.(此种乐观态度已变得非常不合时宜) | |
能与三类名词搭配的限定词 | 能与三类名词搭配的限定词 | the, some/any, no/the other, who, 物主限定词,名词属格等。 No student is to leave the classroom. No words can express my grief. Who side are you on? He is a writer who humor is not without substance(他的幽默很有实质意义). |
辨析 | (1) many/much(两者均可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句；并可带有how/too/so/ as...as 等修饰语，多用于肯定句), a lot of/lots of/plenty of（常用于肯定句）, a good(/great) many/a large amount of. Much information is now transmitted through e-mail. There is much coal in the mine. You can take as many copies as you need. They can spend as much money as they need on the project. (2) (a) few/(a) little，注意quite a few/ a good few/ not a few表示“相当多”的含义。 Quite a few of us are getting worried. / You'll have to wait a good few weeks. (3) all/none, both/every/ each, either/neither, any all/both (of) the boys every/each/either/neither/any boy every one of the boys each/either/neither/any (one) of the boys both his parents/both of them are fine. Either of them is in dorm. / either day is OK. neither student/neither (one) of the (two) students finishes the task. no one 只能指人，none of 既能只人有可指物，但两者均为三个以上。 every包含至少三个人或物，侧重全体，each包含至少二个人或物，侧重个体。 Each/every side of the square was crowded with people. any包含至少三个人或物，才可用任何一个；either只包含两个，才可用任何一个。 | |
前位限定词东兴牛肉王 predeterminer | all, half, both, double, 倍数词，分数词，what, such a/an等。 |
中位限定词 central determiner | the/a/an/zero, this/that, the/tho, some/any, no, every/each, either/neither, enough, what(ever)/which(ever)/who,物主限定词，名词属格等。 |
后位限定词 postdeterminer | 基数词，序数词，next/last, other/another, many/much(a lot of, plenty of, a great number of, a great(/good) many, a great deal of, a large amount of, a great quantity of), (a)few/(a)little, veral, such等。 |
Examples | 脱欧all the four teachers all my other parents all the last few days half his lecture tho last few months all other students both the theories some such alloy the other three girls 如释重负 his last two books, the first two chapters, three other girls, two more sheets, the next few weeks, many more copies, a few more samples, another twenty tons等。 例外情况：David's/his every action shows that he is a very determined young man. The enemy's/their every movement was being cloly watched by the PLA men. A lot of the hous round here have glass in the front door. |
generic reference类指/泛指 | 定冠词(常用于正式语体)、不定冠词或零冠词都具有类指功能。另外，the+adj也表类指。 Galileo claimed that he ad invented the telescope. The hor had been replaced by the railroad, the windship(帆船) and the steamship. An ox is a uful animal. My brother is planing to be a lawyer. Doctors are badly needed at the front. Carrots are my favourite vegetable. Cats and tigers belong to the same family of mammals. Electricity is a form of energy. Unity is strength. | |
specific reference特指 | definite specific reference 确定特指（非常明确地指出何人或何物） （1）anaphoric specific reference 前照应特指 （2）cataphoric specific reference 后照应特指 （3）situational reference 语境特指 | 定冠词常有此种功能。 We own a dog and a cat. The dog is brown. And the cat is white. The dog and the cat are the same ones we had last years. 语境特指：Shut the door, plea. How's the cough today? He turned on the radio. John was elected chairman of the students' union. |
indefinite specific reference 非确定特指（特指具体对象，但不确定） | 建设中不定冠词和零冠词常有此种功能。 I met an old man in the street.（虽未道出姓名但所指仍为某一特定的老人） I have lost a button.(指失落一颗特定的纽扣，但未说出何种纽扣) There's a letter for you.(指一封特定的信件，但不明确是谁写来的) A book i want has been acquainted by the library.(指我所要的那本特定的书，但未道出什么书) The streets are clean and are shaded with trees. She put carrots in the stew. | |
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