SUMMARY OF INCOTERMS
EXW .. FCA .. FAS .. FOB .. CFR .. CIF .. CPT .. CIP .. DAF.. DES .. DEQ .. DDU .. DDP
1. EXW ( named place )
EXW means that the ller fulfills his obligation to deliver the goods when he has made the goods available at his premi's ( ie works, factory, warehou etc ), to the buyer. In particular, he is not responsible for loading of the goods onto any vehicle provided by the buyer, or for clearing the goods across any customs borders for export, unless otherwi agreed. The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the llers premis to the desired destination. EXW thus reprents the minimum obligation for the ller. This term should not be ud if the buyer is incapable of or cannot carry out the export formalities. In such cas the term FCA should be ud.白碧
2. FCA ( FREE named place. )
FCA means that the ller fulfills his obligation to deliver the goods when he has cleared the goods for export and handed them into the charge of the carrier named by the buyer at the designated delivery point. If no preci "acceptance" point is indicated by the buyer, then the ller may choo, within the
炮仗花place or range stipulated, where the carrier shall take the goods into his charge. When, according to commercial practice, the llers assistance is required in making the contract with the carrier ( such as in rail or air transport ) the ller may act at the buyers risk and expen, which includes any costs for arranging the transport. This term may be ud for any mode of transport, paid by the buyer, including multimodal transport.
"Carrier" means any person who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of carriage by rail, road, air, a, inland waterway or by a combination of such modes. If the buyer instructs the ller to deliver the goods to a person, eg a freight forwarder, who is not a carrier, the ller is deemed to have fulfilled the obligation to deliver the goods when they arrive into the custody of that nominated person.
"Transport Terminal" means a railway terminal, a freight station,a container terminal or yard, a multipurpo cargo terminal or any similar receiving point.
"Container" includes any equipment ud to unitize cargo, eg. all types of containers and/or flats, ISO accepted or not, trailers, swap bodies, roll-on roll-off equipment, igloos etc and it applies to all modes of transport
3.FAS ( FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP ... named port of shipment )
FAS means that the ller fulfills his obligation to deliver when the goods have been placed alongside the vesl on the quay or in lighters at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that moment. The FAS term requires the buyer to clear the goods for export. It should not be ud when the buyer cannot carry out either directly or indirectly all of the export formalities. This term can only be ud for a freight or inland waterway transport.
4. FOB ( FREE named port of shipment )
FOB means that the ller has fulfilled his obligation to deliver when the goods have physically pasd over the ships rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risk of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the ller to clear the goods for export. This term can only be ud for a freight or inland waterway transport. When the ships rail rves no practical purpo, such as in the ca of roll-on roll-off or any LCL or FCL container traffic, the FCA term is more appropriate to u.提档函
5. CFR ( COST AND FREIGHT ... named port of destination )
CFR means that the ller must pay the costs and freight necessary to transport the goods to the named destination port. The risk of loss of, or damage to, the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time that the goods have been delivered on board the vesl, is transferred from the ller to the buyer when the goods pass over the ships rail in the port of shipment. The CFR term requires the ller to clear the goods for export. This term can only be ud for a freight or inland waterway transport. When the ships rail rves no practical purpo, such as in the ca of roll-on roll-off or any LCL or FCL container traffic, the CIP term is more appropriate to u.
6. CIF (COST INSURANCE FREIGHT ... named port of destination )
CIF means that the ller has the same obligations as under the CFR term but with the additional responsibility that he must procure marine insurance against the buyers risk of loss of or
damage the goods during the period of carriage. The ller contracts for the insurance and also pays the premium. The buyer should note that under the CIF term the ller is only required to obtain insurance on minimum coverage. The CIF term requires the ller to clear the goods for export. This term can only be ud for a freight or inland waterway transport. When the ships rail rves no pra
栀子的功效与作用禁忌ctical purpo, such as in the ca of roll-on roll-off or any LCL or FCL container traffic, the CIP term is more appropriate to u.
7. CPT (CARRIAGE PAID TO ...named place of destination )
CPT means that the ller pays for the freight for the carriage of the goods to the named final destination. The risk of loss of, or damage to, the goods, as well as any additional costs due to
events occurring after the time that the goods have been delivered to the carrier is transferred from the ller to the buyer when the goods have been delivered into the custody of the carrier.些怎么组词
"Carrier" means any person who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of carriage by rail, road, air, a, inland waterway or by a combination of such modes. If subquent carriers are ud for the carriage of the goods to the agreed destination, the risk pass
to the buyer when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier. The CPT term requires the ller to clear the goods for export. This term may be ud for any mode of transport paid by the ller, including multimodal transport.
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8. CIP ( CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID ... named place of destination ) CIP means that the ll
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er has the same obligations as under CPT but with the addition that the ller must procure cargo insurance against the buyers risk of loss of or damage the goods during the period of carriage. The ller contracts for the insurance and also pays the premium. The CIP term requires the ller to clear the goods for export. This term may be ud for any mode of transport including multimodal transport.
9. DAF ( DELIVERED named place )
DAF means that the ller has fulfilled his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available, cleared for export, at the named point and place at the frontier, but before the customs border of the adjoining country. The term "Frontier" may be ud for any frontier including that of the country of export. Therefore it is of vital importance that the frontier in question by defined precily by always naming the point and place in the terms. The term DAF is primarily intended to be ud when goods are to be carried by rail or road, but may be ud for any mode of transport.
10. DES ( DELIVERED EX SHIP ... named port of destination )
DES means that the ller has fulfilled his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available to the buyer on board the ship but, uncleared for import, at the named port of destination. T
he ller has to bear all costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named port of destination. The buyer must pay for unloading, customs clearance at destination etc. This term can only be ud for a and inland waterway transport.
11. DEQ ( DELIVERED EX QUAY ( DUTY PAID )...named port of destination ) DEQ ( Duty Paid ) means that the ller has fulfilled his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available to the buyer on quay ( wharf ) at the named port of destination, cleared for importation. The ller has to bear all risks including duties, taxes and other charges of delivering
the goods thereto. This term should not be ud if the ller is unable, either directly or indirectly, to obtain an import licen. If the parties wish the buyer to clear the goods for importation and pay the duty, the words "Duty Unpaid" should be ud instead of the words "Duty Paid". If the parties wish to exclude form the llers obligations some of the costs payable upon importation of the goods ( such as value added tax ( VAT) ) this should be made clear by including words to the effect; "Delivered ex quay, VAT unpaid ( ... named port of destination ).
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12. DDU ( DELIVERED DUTY UNPAID ... named port of destination )
This term replaces and superdes" Franco or Free Domicile" and " Free Into Store" (FIS). DDU me
ans that the ller has fulfilled his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place and point in the country of importation. The ller has to bear the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods thereto ( excluding duties, taxes and other official charges payable upon importation) as well as the costs and risk of carrying out customs formalities. The buyer has to pay any additional costs and to bear any risks caud by his failure to clear the goods for import in time. If the parties wish the Buyer to carry out customs formalities and bear the costs and risks resulting therefrom, this must be made clear in the documentation by adding words to that effect. If the parties wish to include in the llers obligations, some of the costs payable upon importation of the goods, ( such as value added tax ( VAT) ), this should be made clear by adding the words to the effect: " Delivered Duty Unpaid, VAT Paid ( ... named port of destination )." The term DDU may be ud irrespective of the mode of transport.
13. DDP ( DELIVERED DUTY PAID ... named port of destination )
This term replaces and superdes" Franco or Free Domicile" and " Free Into Store" ( FIS). DDP means that the ller has fulfilled his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place and point in the country of importation. The ller has to bear the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods thereto ( including duties, taxes and other official charges payable upo
n importation) as well as other charges of delivering the goods thereto, cleared for importation. Whilst the EXW term reprents the minimum obligation for the ller, the term DDP reprents the maximum obligation. This term should not be ud if the ller is unable, either directly or indirectly, to obtain an import licen. If the parties wish the buyer to clear the goods for importation and to pay the duty, the term DDU should be ud. If the parties wish to exclude from the llers obligations, some of the costs payable upon importation of the goods, ( such as value added tax ( VAT) ), this should be made clear by adding the words to the effect: " Delivered Duty Paid, VAT Unpaid ( ... named port o f destination ). The term DDP may be ud irrespective of the mode of transport.
