各类从句讲解
第一篇:各类从句讲解
各类从句详解
英语从句可以分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三大类:下面我们逐一进行说明:
一、名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)诡案组2
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的充当的成分和其名称相同,分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。上述这四种从句均被称为名词性从句。所有的名词性从句均不能用逗号分开,并且它们都用相同的关联词,关联词如下:
①
主从连词:that(无意义), whether(是否), if(是否)(在句子中不充当任何成分)②
连接代词:who(谁), whom(谁), who(谁的), what(什么), which(哪一个)③
连接副词:when(什么时候), where(什么地方), how(怎样), why(为什么)主从连词只起连接作用,连接代词和连接副词除了起连接作用外,还充当从句某一个成分。另外,可以用whatever, whichever, whoever, who(m)ever等连接代词引导名词性从句,来加强语气。
下面分别对各种名词性从句进行介绍
(一)主语从句(subject clau)
在主句中用作主语的主谓结构称之为主语从句。例如:
That he will come to the discussion is certain.他来参加讨论是确定的。
That the moon moves round the earth is well known to all of us.月球绕地球转动,这是我们大家都熟知的。
When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decide.会议什么时候召开还没有决定。主语从句放在句首,句子常常显得比较笨重,因此通常可以把it放在句首,作形式主语,而将主语从句放在后面。例如上面的句子可以分别改写为: It is certain that he will come to t
he discussion.It is well known to all of us that the moon moves round the earth.It has not yet been decide when the meeting is to be held.下面再举一些例句:
What they are after is profit.他们追求的是利润。That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。Who did the work is unknown.谁这工作无人知道。Whether she will join us won’t make too much difference.It won’t make too much difference whether she will join us.她是否参与我们的活动无关紧要。Which way is more effective is still a question.It is still a question which way is more effective.哪种办法效率更高还是个问题。
(二)表语从句(predicative clau)
在主句中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。
狗怎么养One idea is that fish is the best brain food.有一种看法认为鱼是最好的补脑食品。The problem is where we can hold our meeting.问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。
My question is how information is stored in the long-term memory.我的问题是信息是怎样储存在长期记忆中的。
That is what he really wants.那就是他真想要的东西。
It ems that everything goes smoothly.似乎一切都进行得很顺利。
(三)宾语从句(object clau)
在主句中作谓语动词、介词及非谓语动词的宾语的主谓结构称之为宾语从句。在引导宾语从句时,从属连词that在口语中和非正式文本中常省略。(1)动词后的宾语从句
We know that a parrot can’t really speak.我们知道鹦鹉不会真的说话。He wants to tell us what he thinks.他想告诉我们他所想的事情。
画英语
Knowing that it was going to rain, they decided to work inside the hou.知道要下雨了,于是他们决定在室内工作。(现在分词knowing的宾语从句)I want to know whether/if you still work in the factory.我想知道你是否还在工厂工作。(不定式to know的宾语从句)The club will give whoever wins a prize.获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。Up to now we can’t say whether his theory can stand the test.到目前为止我们还不能说他的理论是否经得住考验。A little obrvation will show how the temperature changes.稍加观察就可以看出温度
是怎样变化的。
Do you know who lives in this room?你知道谁住在这房间里吗?(2)介词后的宾语从句
He laughed at what they said.她对他们说的话一笑置之。
There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.什么是货币以及怎样计量货币在经济学家之间存在分歧。
(3)形容词的宾语从句
有些形容词可以用that引导宾语从句,表示说话人对某一事物的态度并带有感情色彩。常见的这类形容词有:afraid, amazed, astonished, aware, certain, confident, delighted, glad, grateful, happy, proud, sad, sorry, sure, surprid等。
“害怕,惊讶,震惊,意识,确定,自信,高兴,高兴,高兴,高兴,自豪,伤心,对不起,当然,惊讶” 例如:
I am glad that you have come.你来了,我真高兴。
I am afraid that you are wrong on this point.恐怕你在这点上是错误的。
He is quite confident that he will pass the examination.他很有信心通过这个考试。
(四)同位词从句(apposition clau)
同位语从句就是在句子中担当同位语的主谓结构。
主句中有些词义比较抽象的名词,如:belief, doubt, evidence证据, idea, fact, hope, news, possibility, question, thought等,可以用that、连接代词和连接副词引出同位语从句。
There is no doubt that a large number of people benefit from heart surgery.毫无疑问,有许多人得益于心脏外科手术。
I have an idea that parents should monitor监控the kind of television their children watch.我有一个想法,父母应该检查孩子看电视的内容。
There is the news that some British customers will visit our company.有消息说几个英国客户要来我公司参观。
淘宝万能评价
Is there any proof that the food of the plant differs from that of animals? 是否有任何证据可以说明植物性的食物不同于动物性的食物呢? We all know the fact that organization helps memorization.我们都知道这样一个事实:把要记忆的材料组织起来有助于记忆。注意:虽然that在同位语从句中没有什么意义,但不能省略。区别:尽管由that引导的同位语从句与that引导的定语从句很相似,但两者有明显的区别。
(a)
that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,不能在从句中充当成分;而用that引导的定语从句中,that是关系代词,在从句中充当一定成分,并有词意。
(b)
同位语从句与其先行词在逻辑上有“主系表”的关系,例如上面的第一句可以理解为:“许多人得益于心脏外科手术是毫无疑问的”上述其它各句也是如此,而定语从句则没有这种关系。
(五)只可用whether但不可用if的情况 if, whether引导的名词性从句表示“是否”,其异同
点如下: 相同点:
(a)用作宾语从句时,它们可互相替换。例如:体转运动
I wonder if/whether you can help me.我想知道你是否能帮助我。
(b)都可与or连用。例如:
Plea tell me if/whether they are Swedish or Danish.诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。不同点:(只可用whether但不可用if的情况)
(a)if不能用于在句首的主语从句。例如:
Whether John will go remains a question.约翰是否去还是一个问题。
烤猪蹄复合谓语Whether she likes the prent is not clear to me.她是否喜欢礼物我还不清楚。但可以说
It’s not clear to me if/whether she likes the prent.(因为没有在句首,所以可以用if)
(b)if不能用于表语从句
The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
(c)if不能引导介词的宾语从句
I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
老怀表(d)if不能引导同位语从句