国际教育学院
新西兰社会与文化调查学期论文
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Education and Training in New Zealand
ABSTRACT
Childhood, Primary & Secondary, Tertiary, Reform
Education and Training in New Zealand
Introduction
New Zealand is a beautiful and amazing island country. They called it “Aotearoa” in Maori, known as land of the long white clouds fine reputation, looks like a small boat to float on southwest Pacific Ocean. More than that, the education system in New Zealand is also regarded as one of the best and advanced system in the world. It is originated from British traditional education system and the whole country implements this common system. They provide the high quality education through schools, universities, technical college and other institutions. Now, let us access the education and training in New Zealand, to know how the New Zealand education system works, the guiding policies and the resourcing they provide to the education ctor.
Chapter 1 Early Childhood Education
Early childhood education is the term commonly ud to describe the formal teaching and care of young children by people other than their family or in ttings outside of the home. Schooling for most children starts at 5 years old in NZ and so early childhood has
come to mean the period from birth to around 5 or 6 years of age. In today’s world, most people agree that human development is bad on child development and it is connected with future life. This period of life is critical to the forming of intelligence, personality and social behaviors. Why do children need early education? There is a rearch. Chicago’s publicity-funded Child-Parent Centers have rved almost 100,000 3 and 4 year-olds since 1967. Rearchers tracked 989 of tho children and 550 similar children not in the program for 14 years. The children who did not participate were 70% more likely to be arrested for a violent crime by age 18. This program also cut child abu and neglect. In Ypsilanti, Michigan, 3 and 4 year-olds from low income families who were randomly assigned to a group that did not receive preschools who were five times more likely to have become chronic lawbreakers by age 27 than tho who were assigned to the High Educational Rearch’s Foundation’s Perry Preschool program (Highscope, 2005). Now we have a general view of the importance of early childhood education. In NZ education system, ECE (early childhood education) is the first and key step, ECE is not compulsory education in NZ, and there is a wide range of ECE rvices catering for the different need
s and requirements of families. There are two main types of rvice: teacher-led and parent-led. In teacher- led rvices 50% of the adults who educate and care for children must be qualified and registered as ECE teachers. Teacher-led rvices include kindergartens, education and care rvices, home-bad rvices. Parent-led rvices are where parents and family or caregivers educate and care for their children. As a parent, attending a parent-led ECE rvice can have positive effects in parenting. In NZ, ECE attaches great importance. The whole society are making concerted efforts on supporting it and then have got outstanding achievements.
Chapter 2 Primary and Secondary Education
In NZ, primary and condary education are compulsory for students from the age of 6 to 16 and it is the right until the end of the calendar year from following the student’s 19th birthday. Most students start when they turn 5 and remain in school for the full 13 years. A recent proposal done by the NZ government, called Schools Plus, would e student’s requires remaining in some form of education until age 18. There are 660,000 schuelers
study in over 2,800 schools in NZ, the government allocates more than 20 million NZD in primary and condary education. The public schools are throughout the country and funding by the government. The academic year in NZ varies between institutions, but generally runs from late January to mid-December for primary and condary schools and polytechnics, and from late February to mid-November for universities.
In NZ, there is a special educational policy called NCEA ( NZ’s National Certificates of Educational Achievement) and it is national qualifications for nior condary school students. NCEA challenges students of all abilities in all learning areas, and shows credits and grades for parate skills and knowledge. It enables students to gain credits from both traditional school curriculum areas and alternative programs. There are 3 levels of NCEA certificate, depending on the difficulty o f the standards achieved. In general, students through levels 1 to 3 in years 11 to 13 at school. NCEAs are recognized by employers, and ud for lection by universities and polytechnics, both in NZ and overas.
Chapter 3 Tertiary Education
After condary education, students can keep on receiving tertiary education, also called high education. NZ has 8 universities which all offer general undergraduate and graduate degrees and diplomas in arts, science, and commerce, as well as specialist degrees in particular discipline. There are also numerous Polytechnics, Colleges of Education and Private Training Establishments offering a wide range of academic and professional cours.
In NZ, the entry requirements for university are either an A or B bursary or Higher School Certificate with at least three C pass. Undergraduate degrees take 3 to 4 years to complete while vocational or professional training may take longer. All university students must be able to speak English and some universities have a t level of competency. There are veral very famous and remarkable universities such as The University of Auckland, Auckland University of Technology, Victoria University of Wellington, Lincoln University and University of Canterbury.
NZ has 22 polytechnics offering a range of academic, vocational and professional cour
s as well as 3 and 4 year degrees. Polytechnics also offer short full-time and part-time cours. The cours are scheduled throughout the year. NZ has 4 Colleges of education—often referred to as Teacher Training Colleges. There are veral thousand Private Training Establishments in NZ also offering a wide range of cours, although most tend to specialize in particular subjects.
