现在分词与过去分词作状语的比较
-ing动词（即现在分词） 作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步（多用于句首）、结果、伴随、方式（常位于句末）。并且句子的主语是-ing动作的执行者，-ing与主语间是主动关系。
1. Working in the factory, we learned a lot from the workers. (= When we worked in the factory,……)
2. Look out while( =when) crossing the road.(=Look out while you are crossing the road)
3.Being too old, he couldn’t walk that far.(=Becau he was too old,……)
4. Standing on the building, you can e the whole city.(=If you stand on the building, ……..)
5. Being very rich, he is not happy.(=Though he is very rich, …….)
6. His parents died, leaving him alone.(= His parents died and left him alone.
比较：I went to the station only to find the train had left.
7. The boy sat there reading. (=The boy sat there and he was reading)
8.He came running back to tell me the news.
-ing作状语时，可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，使用独立结构。
9. Weather permitting, we’ll have an outing tomorrow.(=If weather permits, ….)
与-ing 作状语相同过去分词也可作时间、原因、条件、让步（多用于句首）、伴随、方式（常位于句末），只是-ed分词（既过去分词）与句子主语间是被动关系。
1.Seen from the space, the earth looks like a huge watered-covered globe.
(=When it is en rom the space,……)
2. Inspired by what he said, we made up our minds to work even harder.(=Becau we were inspired by what he said,…..)
3.Once en, it can never be forgotten.(=If it is en,…..)
4.The trainer appeared, followed by six dogs.(…and he was followed by six dogs.)
5.The teacher stood there, surrounded by his students.(=…and he was surrounded by his students.
6.Exhausted, he continued his work. (=Although he was exhausted, ...)
过去分词作状语时，可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，使用独立结构。
6.He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.
7.He lay on his back, his teeth t and his eyes looking straight upward.
过去分词、being done(-ing的一般被动式)、having been done(-ing的完成被动式)的区别
8.Not having been invited to the party, he had to stay at home watching TV.(作状语的分词的动作明显先于谓语动词的动作且和句子主语有被动关系)
9.Being repaired, the swimming pool won’t open to the public. (作状语的分词的动作正在被进行)
10.Written in simple English, this book is not difficult to read. (作状语的分词所表示的时间观念不强，或者表示一种状态、情况，应用过去分词)
掌握一些“独立成分”。他们用来说明全句，其逻辑主语不在句中。如：Generally /Strictly/Roughly/Frankly speaking一般/严格/粗略/坦率地说；to be honest老实说；to tell (you) the truth(对你)说实话吧；judging by/judging from… 从……判断等固定用法。
Judging from his accent, he must be from Shanghai.
To tell you the truth, I am against your plan.
Generally speaking, it is not really cold here.
