摘要
2019年9月2日，国务院办公厅印发《体育强国建设纲要》指出，青少年是建设“体育强国”坚实的后备力量，而学校体育发展水平强弱则是影响我国青少年身体素质的重要因素。在经历过“高中体育专项化”课程改革的发展之后，趋于较为成熟的改革手段和课程理念，由上海市教育委员会于2015年5月拉开了上海市小学体育“兴趣化”课程改革的序幕。党的十九大提出了加强社会主义核心价值观教育，提高国民综合素质的要求，而在基础教育阶段，实施“小学体育兴趣化”课程改革，是培养学生健康身体，树立体育锻炼态度，发展学生体育核心素养的重要举措。上海市“小学体育兴趣化”课程改革的实施，以学生身心健康为主要发展目标，以提高学生核心素养为重点，促进体育教师由传统的知识传授者向学生身心发展的促进者转变。“小学体育兴趣化”课程改革在上海市的实施，标志着学生的运动兴趣开始得到了关注，并且强调课程的改革要促使学生由“要学”转变为“想学”。
现阶段，高效的课程评价对基础教育课程改革的长久发展有着不可忽视的作用，传统体育课堂教学方式的转变势必要求体育课堂教学评价手段的推陈出新，以满足“小学体育兴趣化”课程改革的需要。同时，“小学体育兴趣化”课程改革要求从体育教师体育课堂教学质量以及学生的体育学习过程和结果两个方面进行系统、科学、有效的评价。传统的体育课堂研究各有侧重，无法全面地评价体育教师体育课堂教学质量和学生体育学习过程的现状。SOFIT系统观测法则刚好弥补了对于上海市“小学体育兴趣化”课程改革评价的薄弱之处，其评价维度分为体育教师促进行为作用、学生行为活动以及体育课堂环境三个方
面，较大程度的契合了上海市“小学体育兴趣化”课程改革评价的需要。因此，本论文对SOFIT系统观测法相关研究做了大量的收集和阅读之后，运用系统观测法，通过使用SOFIT系统观测工具对上海市第一批实施“小学体育兴趣化”课程改革的试点学校的体育课堂进行观察，并且将所得到的分析结果向体育教师进行反馈，以完善体育课堂教学质量。通过研究发现：
1.学生一般强度活动中出现躺着的行为时间占比为0，坐着的行为占全课时间的比例均值达到了11.55%，并且其标准差相对本次观察而言较高，说明在不同体育课堂之间学生出现坐着行为差异较大，通过躺着和站着行为的观测数据，显示出学生的运动参与都能够达到较高的水平。
2.体育教师课堂管理时间的均值占到了“兴趣化”体育课堂总时间的
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16.46%，较好地达到了BTPS中体育课堂教师管理时间15%至20%的标准，在上海市小学体育“兴趣化”课程改革中体育教师课堂管理时间的设置较为合理。体育教师行为在知识讲解时间维度上所占全课时间的比例为12.21%，稍高于BTPS中体育教师知识讲解时间所占比例为10%的标准；
3.学生MVPA运动参与所占全课时间的比例达到了57.48%，达到了BTPS中学生MVPA运动时间不得低于全课总时间的50%的标准，也能够满足上海市“小学体育兴趣化”课堂中高强度活动不能低于全课时
间50%的目标，能够有效保证学生运动时间及其运动量，促进学生身体健康发育，有效增强学生体质健康。
4.体育教师所设置的学生体能练习活动时间均值占全课时间的21.36%，学生技能能练习活动时间均值占全课时间的21.56%，游戏性活动时间占全课时间的比例为20.58%，都能够达到BTPS中体能、技能以及游戏性活动时间比例为20%的标准，时间设置合理，其他自由活动时间为6.83%，大于BTPS中自由活动占全课时间比例为6%的标准。
关键词：小学体育课堂；课程评价；SOFIT；体育兴趣化
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Abstract
After experiencing the development of the"high school sports specialization" curriculum reform,the reform methods and curriculum concepts tend to be more mature.In May2015,the Shanghai Education Commission launched the reform of the "interest-bad"curriculum reform of primary schools in Shanghai.prelude.The19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the requirements to strengthen education of socialist core values and improve the overall qu
ality of the people.At the basic education stage,the implementation of the"Primary School Sports Interest"curriculum reform is to cultivate students'healthy bodies,establish a physical exerci attitude,and develop students An important measure for core sports literacy.The implementation of the"Primary School Sports Interesting"cour reform in Shanghai focus on the physical and mental health of students as the main development goals and focus on improving the core literacy of students.The implementation of the"Primary School Sports Interesting"curriculum reform in Shanghai marks that the students'sports interest has begun to receive attention,and emphasizes that the curriculum reform must promote students to change from"to learn"to"want to learn."
At this stage,efficient curriculum evaluation has a significant role in the long-term development of basic education curriculum reform.The transformation of traditional physical education classroom teaching methods will inevitably require the innovation of physical education classroom teaching evaluation methods to meet the needs of"primary sports interest"curriculum reform..At the same time,the reform of the"Primary School Sports Interesting"curriculum requires a systematic,scientific, and effective evaluation from two aspects:the quality of physical education of physical education teachers and the process and results of physical education of students.Traditional sports classroom rearch has its own emphasis,and it is impossible to comprehensively evaluate the quality of physic
al education teachers 'physical education classrooms and the status quo of students'physical learning process.The obrvation rules of the SOFIT system just make up for the weakness of the evaluation of the"primary sports interest"curriculum reform in Shanghai.Its evaluation dimensions are divided into three aspects:the role of physical education teachers in promoting behavior,student behavior activities,and the physical education
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classroom environment.It meets the needs of the reform and evaluation of the "Primary Sports Interest"curriculum in Shanghai.Therefore,in this thesis,after a lot of collection and reading of related rearch on the SOFIT system obrvation method, the system obrvation method is ud to u the SOFIT system obrvation tools to implement the reform of the first batch of pilot schools in Shanghai that implement the"Primary School Sports Interest"curriculum reform Obrve the physical education classroom and feedback the analysis results to the physical education teachers to improve the quality of physical education classroom teaching.found in study:
The proportion of time spent lying down during the general intensity activities of students is0,and the average value of the proportion of sitting behavior to the total class time reached11.55%,and the sta
ndard deviation is higher than this obrvation, indicating that the There is a large difference in sitting behavior among students in physical education.The obrvation data of lying and standing behaviors show that students can reach a higher level of sports participation；
1.The proportion of time spent lying down during the general intensity activities of students is0,and the average value of the proportion of sitting behavior to the total class time reached11.55%,and the standard deviation is higher than this obrvation, indicating that the difference There is a large difference in sitting behavior between students in physical education.Obrvation data of lying and standing behaviors show that students'sports participation can reach a higher level.
2.The average value of physical education teachers'classroom management time accounted for16.46%of the total“interested”physical education classroom time, which well met the standard of15%to20%of physical education classroom teacher management time in BTPS.The tting of physical education teacher's classroom management time is more reasonable in the cour reform.The proportion of physical education teacher's behavior in the time dimension of knowledge explanation is 12.21%,which is slightly higher than the standard of10%of the physical education teacher's knowledge explanation time in BTPS;
3.The proportion of student's MVPA sports participation in the total class time reached57.48%,which reached the standard that BTPS middle school students' MVPA sports time should not be less than50%of the total class time,and it could also meet the Shanghai"primary school sports interest"class Medium and high-intensity activities cannot be lower than the goal of50%of the whole class time,
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which can effectively ensure the exerci time and amount of exerci for students, promote the healthy development of students,and effectively enhance students' physical fitness;
4.The average physical exerci time of students t by physical education teachers accounts for21.36%of the total class time,the average average time of students'ability to practice activities accounts for21.56%of the total class time,and the proportion of playful activities accounts for20.58%of the total class time Both can reach the standard of20%of physical activity,skills and game activities in BTPS, the time is reasonable,and other free activities are6.83%,which is greater than the standard of6%of BTPS free activities in the whole class time.
Keywords:primary school physical education classroom;curriculum evaluation; SOFIT;sports interest
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