专题04 Astronomy
【高频单词】
1．system (n.) 系统；体系；制度
2．theory (n.) 学说；理论→theoretical (adj.) 理论上的
3．atmosphere (n.) 大气层；气氛
4．thus (adv.) 因此；于是
5．harmful (adj.) 有害的→harm (n.) 害处(vt.) 对……有害
6．puzzle (vt.&vi.)(使)迷惑； (使)为难 (n.) 谜；难题→puzzled (adj.)迷惑不解的
7．pull (n.&vt.) 拉(力)；拖；牵引力
8．float (vi.&vt.) (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 (n.) 漂浮物
9．violent (adj.) 猛烈的→violence (n.) 暴力→violently (adv.) 猛烈地
10．globe (n.) 球体；地球仪→global (adj.) 全球性的；全世界的
11．prence (n.)出席；到场；存在→prent (adj.) 出席的；到场的 (vt.) 呈递
12．reaction (n.) 反应；回应→react (vi.) 反应；回应
13．unlike (prep.) 与……不同；不像→like (反义词) (prep.&v.) 像；喜欢→dislike (v.&n.) 不喜欢
14．exist (vi.) 存在；生存→existence (n.) 存在
15．gentle (adj.) 温和的；文雅的→gently (adv.) 温和地；文雅地；温柔地
16．physicist (n.) 物理学家→physical (adj.) 物理的；身体的→physician (n.) 医师，(尤指)内科医生→physics (n.) 物理学
【重点短语】
1．in_time 及时；终于
2．in_one's_turn 轮到某人；接着
3．_from 阻止；制止
4．cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋
5．break_out 突发；爆发
6．watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防
7．lay_eggs 下蛋
8．give_birth_to 产生；分娩
9．now_that 既然
10．block_out 挡住(光线)
11．as_well_as 和；以及
12．get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解
【热点句型】
1． not 是否……
The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or_not (是否). (教材P25)
2．make it＋adj./n. for sb./sth. to do sth.
This produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop (使生命发展成为可能). (教材P26)
3．now that 引导的原因状语从句
...walking does need a bit of practice now_that_ (既然) gravity has changed. (教材P31)
4．as...as 比较结构
..., but it will not be as_strong a pull as (像……一样强) the earth's. (教材P31)
5．“倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as”句型
But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as_on_the_earth (是地球上的两倍远) and fell over. (教材P31)
高频考点一 单词
例1、harmful adj.有害的
What many scientists believe is that the continued prence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gas and acids into the oceans and as. (P26)
很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
【归纳拓展】
(1)be harmful to对……有害
(2)harm n．&vt.伤害；损害
Do harm to sb. /do sb. harm 对某人有害
There is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有害处
(3)harmless adj.无害的
harmlessness n．无害
【语境助记】
①The drought was_harmful_to the crops.
这场干旱对农作物有危害。
②Fruit juice can do_harm_to children's teeth.
果汁可能会损害儿童的牙齿。
③They may not be able to help but there's_no_harm in asking them.
他们可能帮不上忙，但求他们一下倒也无妨。
例2、exist vi.存在；生存
They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.(P26)
它们也下蛋并在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
【归纳拓展】
(1)exist on靠……生存/生活
exist by靠……方式为生
exist in存在于……之中
There exist(s)．..某地有……；存在……消极的一面
(2)come into existence产生；成立；开始存在
in existence现存的
(3)existing adj.现存的；目前的
【名师点睛】
【语境助记】
①[2016·四川高考]It exists in milk in great amount.
牛奶中它(钙)的含量很大。
②They can't exist_on the money he's earning.
他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。
③There_exists a generation gap between the young and the old.
青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。
④Pakistan came_into_existence as an independent country after the war.
巴基斯坦在战后就以一个独立国家存在了。
⑤It can be quite an eye opener to e the range of classical apples still in_existence,_such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.
能看到仍然存在的传统的苹果品种，如曾由罗马人种植的Decio苹果，真是令人大开眼界。
⑥介词填空
a．Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exist in his mind.
b．The old lady became riously ill last week, and she has only existed on milk ever sin
ce.
c．The Imperial Palace in Beijing has been in existence for more than 500 years.
例3、puzzle n．谜；难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑； (使)为难
How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.(P27)
地球上的生命是怎样开始的，这是科学家们发现难以解决的最大的谜团之一。
【归纳拓展】
(1)be in a puzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好
a puzzle to sb. 一件让人感到困惑的事情
puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
puzzle sb. 迷惑某人；使某人困惑
puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案
(2)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的
be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
【名师点睛】
puzzled意为“迷惑的；不解的”，往往用于指人或人的表情、脸色、声音等；puzzling意为“令人迷惑的；让人不解的”，往往指物。
【语境助记】
①[2016·江苏高考]Many people are somewhat puzzled at the negative side of the voting, although some are quite happy with it, and active in doing it.
尽管有些人热衷于选举，并且积极参与，但是也有很多人对选举消极的一面有点儿困惑。
②People have long puzzled_over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.
人们长期对埃及人如何搬动如此巨大的石头而感到困惑不解。
③[牛津高阶]He was trying to puzzle_out why he had been brought to the hou.
他想弄明白自己为何被带到这所房子。
④What_puzzled_the_doctors_most was that they could not find the cau of the dia.
