附件1：外文资料翻译译文
电子商务战略
1、隐私
隐私权问题是网上环境和电子商务战略辩论，也是当今最热门话题之一。隐私不仅影响消费者在线信心和信任，而且还可能造成潜在法律问题和伦理问题。如果消费者不熟悉电子隐私，对企业在线做法感到不满意，很难想像电子商务将有一个繁荣未来。
事实上，根据最近一项民意调查显示...美国人说，他们对医疗保健和犯罪关注比不上他们对网上个人隐私损失关注。并根据全球DMA沃思林所进行研究，近百分之六十购物者说，立法会需要使企业保持良好隐私政策。
互联网行业是建立在企业与客户之间信任之上 - 隐私是信任最重要成分。除非他们有效地解决了隐私问题，否则互联网公司将会失去信任，以及他们客户生意。
世界之窗万维网是一个巨大有方便信息数据库，是可以轻松获得人，公司，机构和许多其他组织资料来源。这带来了关于互联网上隐私问题。消费者隐私得到了实质性关注，因为我们进入了新时代在线商务环境。互联网发展制定出了有关未来保护消费者隐私权许多新问题。
新技术，可以提高数据收集，不断变化市场趋势和新电子商务全球市场正在促使越来越重要信息在全球经济中重要作用。由于有关资料显示，特别是已成为了一种有价值商品，可以带来更多就业机会，企业和客户服务。因此，这些因素带来了越来越大压力，收集、保存、处理和使用个人数据比以前更多了。这些因素也减少了消费者隐私和消费者信心水平在这样环境中缺乏。
在某些情况下，公司没有披露基本技术和数据收集特点已经成为了他们自己网站关注焦点。用户认为该网站提供者并没有通知他们正在发生事情对他们幕后数据有多大作用。站在公司角度想，说明他们是在监测未经授权目，这种做法很可能造成严重信誉问题，并且会阻止网络用户访问其网站和参与建议。对于这些关系着未来营销方法和隐私问题解决方案，有技术战略已经发展到有助于预防和防范并且可以识别网站和网友称其
为数据磁铁。它们包括Cookie，网络信标（或网页错误，这是在网站和商业电子邮件软件代码插入追踪访问和运动时，建立配置文件），数据聚合（个人电子邮件地址和第三方销售或市场营销传播集合），个性化、软件下载和社区站点之间共享数据。所有这些战略已经引起了关于隐私问题，为电子商务未来做了保障。我们必须确定在什么水平或超过什么水平处理这一对于消费者隐私在我们网上保护世界新技术课程。随着在线用户增加，我们需要寻找“隐私政策”在线服务。大多数Internet服务提供商（ISP）隐私政策，他们采取了张贴在他们网站上和其他用户文档里。当你在网上冲浪时，可以看到隐私政策性网站上发布您访问。另外，可以寻找隐私“印章”，如TRUSTe或BBBOnline。如果你对政
策不满意或者是如果没有政策或盖章logo贴，你应该避免使用该网站。
消费者已经是在帮助自己隐私保护和使用或进行网上活动提供给他们多种选择。他们可以选择退出或收集信息用户数据，在同时段上线。许多网站将提供域名注册或者半私人活动或服务，您可以点击表示接受或拒绝，通过在线交易或者对网站使用，您可以给予其他任何信息或者是继续提供服务收益。客户或消费者可以选择离开或者回到站点处。
肖禹是不确定法律法规和互联网与政府有关隐私。现在有在万维网上几个有关于国家对隐私问题大辩论。一些国家已经通过了法律，并试图通过立法，以适应互联网和网络用户新技术。这些国家包括犹他州，他们那里通过法律，是有关与数字签名法律。该法律建立使银行和其他机构担任允许个人和企业发送和接收网络机密信息数字签名仓库成立，以及具有约束力合同进行商业交易机会。
2、安全
电子商务发展创造了新风险和潜在弊端。客户经常性地购买产品或贸易投资，如信用卡，社会保障和网上银行帐号使用个人信息。1999年12月艾美研究所研究发现，网上信用卡欺诈客商成本超过每年4亿美元。艾美估计到2005年这个数据可能上升到每年600亿美元。
经过近千年钢笔签名商业交易纸基，电子商务正在改变业务步伐，产生了极大方便，节约了成本和提
高了生产率。要搬到一个电子交易模式提供壮观成本效益，尤其是金融业。但是，它确实提高了对安全问题，必须稳妥处理，在电子商务一些内在，以保证企
业免疫力危害。
大多数企业对于信息安全有良好意愿，但是电子商务企业面临安全保护，从病毒和特洛伊木马威胁到自己网页，这种污损带来了巨大挑战，分布式拒绝服务，甚至是心怀不满员工。安全需要是一个电子商务战略核心业务竞争力，并且它是电子商务主要推动者，你不能没有安全电子商务。
在网上交易安全使许多来自电子商务事业出满了担忧。性能和安全性之间权衡是变得越来越容易吞下安全技术和越来越与企业系统集成。有多种方法来维护安全电子商务网站，如PKI，加密，数字签名和公钥。一些安全策略如下：
貌相资产，并确定谁需要访问，然后再决定什么水平或安全层是适当
识别风险水平，该公司愿意采取安全战略和管理上风险评估为基础
积极治理与有效政策和程序，反映公司经营战略和适应这种国际标准和电子商务外部驱动战略指导方针
重温随着技术和业务环境动态发展战略
附件2：外文原文
1. Privacy
The issue of privacy is one of the most debated and hottest topics in the online environment and e-strategy today. Privacy not only affects consumers’ online confidence an d trust, but also may cau potential legal and ethical problems. If consumers are not satisfied with e-privacy and business’ online practices, it is hard to imagine that e-commerce will have a prosperous future.
In fact, according to a Americans said they were more concerned about a loss of personal privacy online than they were about health care and crime. And according to rearch conducted for The DMA by Wirthlin Worldwide, nearly 60 percent of shoppers said legislation would be needed to make business obrve good privacy policies.
The Internet industry is built on trust between business and their customers – and privacy is the number one ingredient in trust. Unless they effectively address the issue of privacy, Internet companies will lo the trust, and the business, of their customers.
The World Wide Web is an enormous easily accessible source of information and databas that pro
vides easy access to a number of people, companies, agencies and many other sources. This brings about concerns about privacy on the Internet. Consumer privacy has received substantial attention as we move
into the new age of online business environment. The growth of the Internet has developed many new concerns for the future about protecting the privacy of the consumers.
New technologies, increasing data collection, changing market trends and the new global market place for e-commerce are contributing to the increasingly important role of information in the global economy. As such information particularly has become a valuable commodity that can bring jobs, business and customer rvices. Hence, the factors have created a mounting pressure to collect, hold, process and u personal data, more than before. The factors also have reduced the level of privacy and consumer confidence is lacking in such environment.
In some cas, the companies’ failure to disclo the basic technology and data-gather characteristics of their websites has become the focus of major concerns. The urs feel that the website providers are being “sneaky” in gathering the data behind the scenes without informing them of what is going on. For the companies involved, this suggestion that they are involved in such practi
ces of surveillance and unauthorized purpos can create a rious reputation issue and discourage web urs from visiting their sites. For future solutions to the concerns regarding marketing and privacy issues, veral technical strategies have been developed to help prevent or guard against not knowing or identifying websites and urs called data magnets. They include cookies, web beacons (or web bugs, white are inrted in the software code of websites and commercial emails to track visits and movements and build profiles), data aggregation (collection of personal email address and transmission of third party sales or marketing), personalization and software downloads and data sharing between community sites. All the strategies have given ri to the protection of privacy issues for the future of e-commerce. We must determine at what level or beyond to proceed on this cour for the protection of consumer privacy in our new world of online technology. As online urs, we need to look for the “privacy policy” of the online rvices. Most Internet Service Providers (ISP) has adopted privacy policies that they post on their web sites and other ur documentation. When you surf the web, look for the privacy policies posted on the web sites you visit. Also, look for the privacy “al” such as TRUSTe o r BBBOnline. If you are not satisfied with the policy, or if there is no policy or al logo posted, you should avoid using the site.
Consumers have veral choices that are available to them in helping to protect their own privacy w
hen using or conducting on-line activity. They can choo to opt-out of subscriber or data gathering information gments while on-line. Many websites will offer domain registration or mi-private activities or rvices that you can click on to accept or decline giving any additional information or continuing to proceeds through the offered rvices during a transaction or u of the website. The customer or consumer can choo to leave or back out of the site.
The future is uncertain as to the laws and governmental legislation concerning the privacy and the Internet. There is great debate in veral states now concerning the issues of privacy on the World Wide Web. Some states have already adopted laws and are trying to pass legislation to adapt to the new technology of the Internet and web urs. Such states include Utah, where they have pasd laws concerning digital signature laws. This law created opportunities for banks and other institutions to act as the repositories of digital signatures allowing individuals and business to nd and receive confidential information over the web, as well as conduct binding contractual business transactions.
2.Security
The growth of e-commerce has created the potential for new risks and abus. Customers routinely
buy products, trade investments, and bank online using personal information such as credit card, Social Security, and account numbers. A December 1999 study by Meridien Rearch found that online credit card fraud cost merchants more than $400 million per year. Meridien estimates this could ri to $60 billion annually by 2005.
After nearly a millennium of paper-bad, pen-signed commercial transactions, e-commerce is revolutionizing the pace of business and generating enormous convenience, cost savings and productivity gains. Moving to an electronic transactions model offers spectacular cost benefits, especially in the financial industry. However, it does rai concerns about curity, which must be soundly addresd to assure corporate immunity to some of the hazards that are inherent in e-commerce.
Most business have good intentions for information curity, but e-commerce business face the huge challenge of protecting themlves from threats ranging from virus and Trojan hors to web page defacing, distributed denial of rvices, and even disgruntled employees. Security needs to be a core business competency for e-strategy, and it is a prime enabler of e-business and you cannot have e-commerce without curity.
Concerns over the curity of online transactions prevent many from engaging in e-commerce. The tradeoff between performance and curity is becoming easier to swallow as curity technology becomes increasingly integrated with enterpri systems. There are veral techniques to cure e-commerce website, such as PKI, encryption, digital signature, and public key.
Some strategies of curity are as follows:7
•Profiling the asts and identifying who needs access, then determining what level or tier of curity is appropriate
•Identifying the level of risk that the company is willing to take and managing the curity strategy bad on the risk asssment
•Actively governing the strategy with effective policies and procedures that reflect the company's business strategy and accommodate external drivers such as international standards and e-business guidelines
Revisiting the strategy as technology and business environment dynamics evolve.
