被动语态用法详解
TENSE | 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
一般现在时 | be+V.\V.s | am\is\are+V(p.p) |
一般将来时 | will\be going to\be (about)to+V. | will be +V(p.p) |
现在进行时 | am\is\are+V.ing | am\is\are+being+V(p.p) |
一般过去时 | ①was\were②V.ed | was\were+V(p.p) |
现在完成时 | have\has+V.p.p | have\has+been+V(p.p) |
过去完成时 | had+V.p.p | had+been+V(p.p) |
过去进行时 | was\were+V.ing | was\were+being+V(p.p) |
情态动词 | 情态动词+V. | 情态动词+be+V(p.p) |
| | |
被动语态牢记一点， be加动词过去分词。 分析句中主和谓， 承受者作主语即被动。
短语动词不可忘介、副词。 另有不及物动词， 只有主动无被动。 还要注意其时态，
与主动语态全相同。
不用被动语态的情况
1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）： appear, die（死亡）,disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lo heart, take place. After the fire, very little remained of my hou. 比较： ri, fall, happen是不及物动词；rai, at是及物动词。
（错）The accident was happened last week.
（对）The accident happened last week.
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to This key just fits the lock.
3）系动词无被动语态（“keep”除外）： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, re
main, em, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.
4）带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
（对）She likes to swim.
（错）To swim is liked by her.
有些动词可以带双宾语 在用于被动结构时，有些动词可以带双宾语。在这种情况下，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to, etc.。 即：S+V+IO+DO→ IO+ be done +DO→ DO+ be done + prep. +IO
We often hear himplay guitar.
Heis often heard to[1]play guitar.
→Itis often heard fromhimto play guitar.
新被动语态
Get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如： The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。 How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？
注意:
有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。例如 We heard him singin his room just now. ---He was heard to sing in his room just now. 刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。 need doing something也表示被动
怎样把主动语态改成被动语态？
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：
1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；
2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；
3. 主动语态的主语变为介词“by”的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时“by”的短语可以省略）；
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
被动语态的几种特殊用法
(1)主动形式表示被动意义
1)常见的这类动词有：“act，add up，clean，compare，count，cook，draw，fill，iron，keep，let，look，make up，milk，kill，open，photograph，prove，read，ll，smoke，spoil”等。
The window won’t open．(这扇窗户打不开。)
The cow milks well．(这头牛出奶率很高。)
Damp wood will not fire．(湿木不易燃烧。)
It turned out fine that day．(结果那天天气很好。)
How did his coat catch on a nail? (他的衣服怎么钩到钉子上了?)
2)实用动词“need／want／derve／require +V-ing(动名词)”形式表示被动意义。
My hair needs cutting。．
The bike wants repairing．
It doesn’t derve mentioning．
Hamlet is required reading for the cour．(《哈姆雷特》为本课程指定读物。)
3)一些固定句型如："be worth doing sth． have/get sth．(sb.)done"，以及to be under(in)+抽象名词等表示被动意义：
Beijing is a big city in China and worth visiting．(北京是中国的一个大城市，值得浏览。)
Mr.．Wilson had his wallet stolen the day before yesterday．(威尔逊先生前天丢了一个钱包)。
The bike is under(in)repair．(自行车正在修理中。)
This tape recorder is in u．(这种录音机正在使用中。)
4)一些不定式的主动态表示被动意义：
①There be句型：
There are a lot of things to do．
There is nothing to worry about．
②不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语，而句中的主语同时又不是不定式的逻辑主语时：
I want some clothes to wash．
Do you have anything to say for yourlf?
③不定式修饰buy，get，give等动词的直接宾语，而句中的间接宾语又是不定式的逻辑主语时：
His sister gave him a bike to ride．
My father get me a book to read．
5)少数动词的进行时，有时表示被动意义：
Her works are printing．
The drum is beating．
My new hou is building．
(2)“It is+V-ed+that-??"结构表示被动
常用的这类结构有：“it is said that…”(据说)；It is suppod that…(据推测)；It is well known that"…(众所周知)；It is believed that"…(据信)；It is reported that"…(据报导)；It is hoped that"…(人们希望)；It is generally considered that"…(有人认为)；1twill be en that"…(由此可以看出)；It must be admitted that…(必须承认)；It must be pointed out that…(必须指出)”等。
