第七章 定语从句
相关概念
主句、从句、关系词
例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.
主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。 (例句中，This is the boy.是主句。)
定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。） (例句中，who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition是定语从句，修饰the boy。)
先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。 (例句中，the boy是先行词。)
关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。(例句中，who是关系代词。)
关系词的三个作用
作定语从句的一个句子成分。
起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P. 63考点5）。
代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中，who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词the boy。）
关系代词
指人时可以用who, 也可用that。
Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate?
The man who/that was killed in the accident is Tom’s uncle.
指物时可以用which, 也可用that。
I like visiting places which/that are not far away.
How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday.
who可以指人也可以指物。
He was a painter who pictures were not well- known in his life time.
The tree who leaves are red was planted last year.
关系代词作宾语时可以省略。
I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night.
Do you know the boy who/whom/that/( ) we talked about just now?
注：（）表示关系代词省略
关系副词
关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。如：
We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better.
He has reached the point where a change is needed.
That is no reason why you should leave.
This is the way how I did it. (how不能作关系词)
基础过关
1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。
The man ______ /______ was here yesterday is a painter.
The man ______ /______ /______ /______ I saw is called Smith.
A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan.
I’d like a room ______ window looks out over the a.
A letter ______ /______ is written in pencil is hard to read.
The letter ______ / ______ /______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
That is the boy ______ / ______ / ______ / ______ you are looking for.
Do you know the reason ______ he was late for the meeting？
This is the school ______ I ud to study.
I still remember the day ______ we met for the first time.
2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。
主句：______ 定语从句:（ ）
先行词：先行词 关系词：
例：This is the book (that I have been looking for).
The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.
Have you bought the book which we talked about？
I still remember the day which we spent together last week.
He still lives in the hou who windows face south.
The boy who father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class.
The girl who you met was John’s sister.
There is no reason why we shouldn’t be friends.
They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark.
The days were gone when we had to travel on hors.
Is this the hospital where you were born?
