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Alcohols、ketones、aromatic compounds、cycloalkanes and aliphatic hydrocarbons are all types of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons can be divided into four main categories depending on the structure of their molecules. The four categories of hydrocarbons are: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Alkanes, also known as paraffins or saturated hydrocarbons, are compod entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms that are joined together in a straight chain, branched chain, or ring structure. Examples of common alkanes include methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane and hexane. Alkenes, also known as olefins, are hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Examples of common alkenes include ethene, propene, and butene. Alkynes, also known as acetylenes, are hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. Examples of common alkynes include acetylene, propyne, and butyne.
Aromatic hydrocarbons, also known as arenes, are cyclic hydrocarbons that contain one or
more rings of atoms that are connected doubly to each other. Examples of common aromatic hydrocarbons include benzene, toluene, and xylene. Alcohols are organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups. Common examples of alcohols include ethanol, methanol, propanol and butanol.
Ketones are organic compounds that contain one or more carbonyl (-CO) groups. Common examples of ketones include acetone, ethanone, and propanone. Aromatic compounds contain one or more benzene rings. Examples of common aromatic compounds include benzene, naphthalene, and phenol. Cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons that contain one or more cyclic structures. Examples of common cycloalkanes include cyclopropane, cyclobutane, and cyclohexane.
Aliphatic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain one or more linear or branched chains of carbon atoms. Examples of aliphatic hydrocarbons include methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane and nonane. All the compounds have applications in different industries, such as the petrochemical industry and the phar
maceutical industry.
