First Aid for Burns
A burn can be painful or painless, according to the degree. The degree of a burn is determined by its location on the body and the number of skin layers affected. A burn can be caud by heat, electricity, chemicals or radiation. The first respon in a burn situation is to stop the heat source or break contact between the heat source and the skin. The body holds in the heat and continues to burn until the skin cools. In many cas you can cool the burn with water. Unless told to by a medical professional, never u butter or ointments; they al in heat and may cau infection. If blisters form, they should not be broken becau they protect the burn from infection.
For heat or thermal burns, rin the burn (without scrubbing) or immer the affected area in cool water until the pain is gone. With a sterile cloth pat the burn area dry then cover. For accidents involving drenching by a hot liquid, remove the liquid-soaked clothing or place clothed victim in water bath or shower. Smother any burning clothing by dropping the victim to the ground and rolling them. Never peal stuck clothing from a burn.
In cas of electrical burns, turn off the electric power at the source. Do not touch the victim until all wires are clear. Avoid contact with the electric current while removing the victim. Make sure the victim’s breathing and heartbeat are regular. Treat the victim for shock and make sure they get medical attention. Check places where the electricity entered and exited the victim’s body. Treat minor burns with cool water and have the victim ek medical attention.
With chemical burns, locate the chemical container and follow the label directions for emergencies. Consult the chemical’s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or call the Poison Control Center. Remove any contaminated clothing. If the eyes have been affected, flush them for 30 minutes. For acid chemicals, immediately flush the affected area for 15-20 minutes. For dry chemicals, brush the chemical off the skin then flush the area for 15-20 minutes. Make sure the victim eks medical attention.
The verity of a burn may not be obvious for up to 24 hours and infection may occur if improperly treated. Always ek medical help if the victim:
shows symptoms of shock
has head or neck burns or has trouble breathing
has burns on the hands, feet or groin (making muscle and ligament damage more likely)
if cond or third degree burns are prent
if victim is over age 60 or under 5 years of age
Before an accident happens, know the location of the first aid kit, the nearest telephone, and medical facility. Burns can be painful and cau irreparable damage in conds. You must be able to respond appropriately and get medical help as quickly as possible.
Ⅰ度烧伤 | Ⅱ度烧伤 | Ⅲ度烧伤 |
表皮受伤，局部轻度红肿、疼痛，创面干燥无水泡，痊愈后不留瘢痕 | 表皮、真皮都受损，红肿，水疱，剧疼，愈后的色素及瘢痕 | 皮、肉、骨均受伤，局部蜡白、焦黄或炭黑色，疼痛消失，痊愈后留有瘢痛或畸形 |
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What caus burns?
You can get burned by heat and fire, radiation, sunlight, electricity or chemicals. There are 3 degrees of burns:
∙ First-degree burns are red and painful. They swell a little. They turn white when you press on the skin. The skin over the burn may peel off after 1 or 2 days.
∙ Thicker burns, called cond-degree burns, have blisters and are painful. The skin is very red or splotchy, and it may swell a lot.
∙ Third-degree burns cau damage to all layers of the skin. The burned skin looks white or charred. The burns may cau little or no pain becau the nerves in the skin are damaged.
How long does it take for burns to heal?
∙ First-degree burns usually heal in 3 to 6 days.
∙ Second-degree burns usually heal in 2 to 3 weeks.
∙ Third-degree burns usually take a very long time to heal.
How are burns treated?
The treatment depends on what kind of burn you have. If a first- or cond-degree burn covers an area larger than 2 to 3 inches in diameter, or is on your face, hands, feet or genitals, you should e a doctor right away. Third-degree burns require emergency medical attention.
Do not put butter, oil, ice or ice water on burns. This can cau more damage to the skin.
First-degree burn
Soak the burn in cool water. Then treat it with a skin care product like aloe vera cream or an antibiotic ointment. To protect the burned area, you can put a dry gauze bandage over the burn. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as acetaminophen (one brand name: Tylenol), ibuprofen (some brand names: Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (brand name: A
leve), to help with the pain.
Second-degree burn
Soak the burn in cool water for 15 minutes. If the burned area is small, put cool, clean, wet cloths on the burn for a few minutes every day. Then put on an antibiotic cream, or other creams or ointments prescribed by your doctor. Cover the burn with a dry nonstick dressing (for example, Telfa) held in place with gauze or tape. Check with your doctor's office to make sure you are up-to-date on tetanus shots.
Change the dressing every day. First, wash your hands with soap and water. Then gently wash the burn and put antibiotic ointment on it. If the burn area is small, a dressing may not be needed during the day. Check the burn every day for signs of infection, such as incread pain, redness, swelling or pus. If you e any of the signs, e your doctor right away. To prevent infection, avoid breaking any blisters that form.
Burned skin itches as it heals. Keep your fingernails cut short and don't scratch the burned skin. The burned area will be nsitive to sunlight for up to one year.
