序号 | 类别 | 小类 | 前缀 | 例示 | |
1 | 否定 | 纯否定 | a-, an- | asymmetry, anhydrous | |
dis- | dishonest, dislike | ||||
in-, ig-, il-, im-, ir- | incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular | ||||
ne-, n- | none, neither, never | ||||
non- | nonn | ||||
neg- | neglect | ||||
un- | unable, unemployment | ||||
错误意义 | male-, mal- | malfunction, maladjustment | |||
mis- | mistake, mislead | ||||
pudo- | pudonym, pudoscience | ||||
反动作意义 | de- | defend, demodulation | |||
dis- | disarm, disconnect | ||||
un- | unload, uncover | ||||
相反、相互对立 | anti-, ant- | antiknock, antiforeign | |||
contra-, contre-, contro- | contradiction, controflow | ||||
counter-, | counterreaction, counterbalance | ||||
ob-, oc-, of-, op- | object, oppo, occupy | ||||
with- | withdraw, withstand | ||||
2 | 空间位置,方向关系 | 在……之上,向…… | a- | aboard, aside | |
附近,邻近,边侧 | by- | bypath, bypass He bypasd his colleagues on the board and went ahead with the deal. | |||
周围,环绕,回转 | circum-, circu- | circumstance, circuit,
| |||
在下,向下 | de- | descend, degrade, dethrone, deport, deduce, derail, delete, depart, decamp, decode, deforest, decolonize, devaluation | |||
在内,进入 | en-, | encage, enbed | |||
外部,外 | ex-, ec-, es- | exit, eclip, expand, export | |||
额外 | extra-, | extraction | |||
在前面 | fore- | forehead, foreground | |||
(用于b,m,p之前), ir-, 表示“向内,在内,背于” | in-, il-, im- | inland, invade, inside, import | |||
在……间,相互 | inter-, intel-, | international, interaction, internet | |||
向内,在内,内侧 | intro-, | introduce, introduce | |||
中,中间 | medi-, med-, mid- | Mediterranean, midposition | |||
在上面,在外部,在外 | out-, | outline, outside, outward | |||
在上面,在外部,向上 | over-, | overlook, overhead, overboard | |||
向后,在后边,次 | post-, | postscript | |||
在前、在前面 | pre- | prefix, preface, preposition | |||
在前,向前 | pro- | progress, proceed | |||
在下面,下 | sub-, suc-, suf-, sung-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus- | subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement | |||
在…..之上 | super-, sur- | superficial, surface, superstructure | |||
移上,转上,在那一边 | trans- | translate, transform, transoceanic | |||
在…..下面,下的 | under- | underline, underground, underwater | |||
向上,向上面,在上 | up- | upward, uphold, uphill | |||
3 | 时间,序列关系 | 先前,早于,预先 | ante-, anti- | antecedent, anticipate |
先,故,旧 | ex- | expresident, exhusband | ||
在前面,先前,前面 | fore- | forward, forecast, foretell | ||
中,中间 | mid-, medi- | midnight, midsummer | ||
在后,后 | post- | postwar | ||
在前,事先,预先 | pre-, pri- | preheat, prewar, prehistory | ||
在前,先,前 | pro- | prologue,prophet | ||
再一次,重新 | re- | retell, rewrite | ||
4 | 比较程度差别关系 | 副,次要的 | by- | byproduct, bywork |
超越,额外 | extra- | extraordinary | ||
超过,极度 | hyper- | hypersonic, hypertension | ||
超过,过分 | out- | outdo, outbid | ||
超过,过度,太 | over- | overeat, overdress, oversleep | ||
低,次,副,亚 | sub-, suc-, sur- | subeditor, subordinate, subtropical | ||
超过 | super-, sur- | supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass | ||
低劣,低下 | under- | undersize, undergrown, underproduction | ||
副,次 | vice- | vicepresident, vicechairman | ||
5 | 共同,相等意思 | 共同,一起 | com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- | connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co-operate |
同,共,和,类 | syn-, syl-,sym- | symmetry, sympathy, synthesis | ||
6 | 整个完全意思 | 完整,完全 | al- | alone, almost, overall |
完全,全 | over- | overall, overflow | ||
全,总,万 | pan- | Panentheism, panorama | ||
7 | 分离,离开意思 | 分离,离开 | a-,ab-, abs- | away, apart, abstract, abstain |
离去,处去 | de- | depart, decolour | ||
分离,离开 | dis-, di-, dif- | divorce, disarm | ||
离开,分离 | ex-, e- | expel, exclude, expatriate | ||
离开,脱离 | for- | forget, forgive | ||
离开 | re- | relea, resolve | ||
分离,隔离 | - | parate, duce, lect | ||
8 | 通过,遍及 | 通过,横过 | dia- | diameter, diagram |
通,总,遍 | per-, pel- | perfect, perform, pervade | ||
横过,贯通 | trans- | transparent, transmit, transport | ||
9 | 加强 | 强化 | a- | arou, ashamed |
加强 | ad- | adjoin, adhere | ||
10 | 变换词类作用的前缀 | be-, en- | befriend, enslave, enable, enrich | |
ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at- | adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign | |||
11 | 数量关系 | 单一、一 | mon-, mono- | monotone, monopoly, monarch |
单调 | uni-, un- | uniform, unicellular | ||
二,两,双 | ambi-, bi-, bin-, di-, twi- | ambiguous, amphibian, bicycle, diode, twilight | ||
三 | tri- | tripod, tricycle | ||
十,十分之一 | deca, deco-, dec-, deci- | decade, decimal | ||
百,百分之一 | hecto-, hect-, centi- | hectometer, centimeter, centipede | ||
千,千分之一 | kilo- | kilometer | ||
万,万分之一 | myria-, myri-, mega-, meg-, micro- | myriametre, megabyte, microvolt | ||
许多,复,多数 | poly-, multi- | polysyllable, multipmetre | ||
半,一半 | hemi-, demi-, mi-, pene-, pen- | hemisphere, demiofficial, miconductor, mitransparent, peninsula | ||
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