GERANIACEAE
牻牛儿苗科 mang niu er miao ke
Xu Langran (徐朗然 Xu Lang-rang)1; Carlos Aedo2
Herbs, annual or perennial [rarely shrublets or shrubs]. Stipules prent. Leaves alternate or opposite, palmately or pinnately divided, petiolate. Flowers in cymes, pudoumbels, rarely flowers solitary, usually bixual, actinomorphic, or ± zygomorphic. Sepals 5, usually distinct, imbricate. Petals usually 5, distinct. Fertile stamens 5 or 10, usually in 2 whorls, sometimes a whorl reduced to staminodes; filaments basally connate or distinct; anthers 2-locular, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary superior; carpels 5, connate; ovules 1 or 2 per locule, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit a schizocarp with 5 1-eded awned mericarps which parate elastically from a central beak. Seeds usually with little or no endosperm; embryo folded.
Six genera and ca. 780 species: widely distributed in temperate, subtropic, and tropical mountains; two genera and 54 species (18 endemic, three introduced) in China.
Pelargonium, including P. ×domesticum Bailey, P. ×graveolens L’Héritier, P. ×hortorum Bailey, P. peltatu
m (Linnaeus) L’Héritier, P. radens H. E. Moore (P. radula (Cavanilles) L’Héritier), and P. zonale (Linnaeus) L’Héritier, treated in FRPS (43(1): 83–86. 1998), are only cultivated as garden and potted plants in China and so are not treated here.
Xu Langran, Huang Chengchiu & Huang Baoxian. 1998. Geraniaceae (excluding Biebersteinia). In: Xu Langran & Huang Chengchiu, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 43(1): 18–89.
1a. Fertile stamens 10 (5 in G. pusillum); leaves palmately divided ..................................................................................... 1. Geranium 1b. Fertile stamens 5; leaves pinnately divided ....................................................................................................................... 2. Erodium
1. GERANIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 676. 1753.
老鹳草属 lao guan cao shu
Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial [rarely shrublets or shrubs]. Leaves simple, usually palmately divided or cleft, sometimes entire or pinnately lobed, petiolate. Basal leaves usually forming a rotte. Cauline leaves opposite or alternate. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, cymo, bracteate. Fl
owers usually paired or occasionally solitary, actinomorphic, rarely somewhat zygomorphic. Sepals 5, imbricate, apex obtu to caudate. Petals 5, distinct, sometimes clawed, apex rounded, retu, or emarginate. Stamens 10, in 2 whorls, outer ones opposite to petals, inner ones alternating with petals, all with anthers or very rarely (in G. pusillum) 5 reduced to staminodes. Nectaries usually 5 and alternate with petals, rarely (in G. sinen) united into a ring. Ovary 5-locular, with 2 superpod ovules per locule; style distinctly 5-cleft. Fruit a schizocarp, long beaked, splitting into 5 1-eded mericarps.
About 380 species: cosmopolitan, especially in temperate and tropical mountains; 50 species (18 endemic, three introduced) in China.
Primary leaf blade divisions are named gments and cond ones lobes. The middle gment is measured from leaf blade apex to the inrtion of the petiole with the leaf blade. The main sinus is measured from the leaf blade apex to the junction between the middle gment and the adjacent lateral gments. The cond sinus is the deeper of the middle gment. Sepal length does not include mucro length. Fruit length is measured from the mericarp ba to the apex of the stigmatic remains. The fruit rostrum length is measured from the mericarp apex to the ba of the stigmatic remains including, when prent, a narrowed apical part.
Five species recorded from China are of uncertain identity or are too poorly known to be treated here and are discusd unnumbered at the end of the generic treatment.
Geranium schrenkianum Trautvetter (Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 57: 53. 1882) is widespread in Kazakhstan and is expected to be found in Xinjiang. This species is a small annual, easily recognized by its palmately divided leaves, petals 3–4 mm with emarginate apex, and antrorly appresd trichomes on stem, petioles, peduncle, and pedicels.
1a. Plants annual or rarely biennial.
2a. Leaves palmately divided .................................................................................................................................... 1. G. robertianum 2b. Leaves palmately cleft.
3a. Petals purplish, with a dark basal spot .................................................................................................................. 2. G. ocellatum 3b. Petals white, pale purple, or dark purple, without a basal spot.
4a. Cymules umbelliform, in den aggregates at apex of each branch; mericarps denly covered with
0.5–1.8 mm nonglandular and sometimes glandular trichomes ............................................................... 12. G. carolinianum
4b. Cymules solitary, axillary; mericarps glabrous or with 0.2–0.5 mm nonglandular trichomes.
5a. Mericarps smooth.
6a. External whorl of stamens lacking anthers and with shorter filaments; petal apices emarginate ............. 10. G. pusillum
1 Northwestern Institute of Botany, Northwestern A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China.
2 Herbarium, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, E-28014 Madrid, Spain.
GERANIACEAE
8
6b. Both whorls of stamens with anthers and filaments of similar length; petal apices rounded ........... 13. G. rotundifolium 5b. Mericarps with transver ribs.
7a. Sepal mucros 0.7–1 mm; mericarps with to 0.5 mm appresd nonglandular trichomes ...................... 8. G. divaricatum 7b. Sepal mucros 0.1–0.2 mm; mericarps glabrous ................................................................................................ 9. G. molle 1b. Plants perennial.
8a. Mericarp reticulated.
9a. Basal cauline leaves opposite or whorled.
10a. Petals (1–)1.2–1.5 cm; leaves deeply divided, ratio of main sinus/middle gment length =
(0.69–)0.8–0.88 ................................................................................................................................................. 5. G. strictipes
10b. Petals 0.9–1(–1.1) cm; leaves not deeply divided, ratio of main sinus/middle gment length =
(0.55–)0.67–0.76(–0.8) ............................................................................................................................ 4. G. hispidissimum
9b. Basal cauline leaves alternate.
11a. Flowers in solitary 2-flowered cymules; pal mucros 1.7–1.8 mm .......................................................... 6. G. moupinen 11b. Flowers in veral cymules at least partly arranged in pudoumbels; pal mucros 0.4–0.9(–1.4) mm.
12a. Cymules 2(or 3)-flowered, in den umbel-like aggregates at apex of each branch, peduncle usually abnt; fruit rostrum without narrowed apex or rarely with narrowed apex to 1 mm .............................. 3. G. polyanthes 12b. Cymules (2 or)3(or 4)-flowered, in loo umbel-like aggregates at apex of each branch, peduncle
2.5–6.7 cm; fruit rostrum with narrowed apex ca. 2 mm ...................................................................... 7. G. umbelliforme 8b. Mericarp smooth or with some transver veins.
13a. Cymules usually with 1 flower.
14a. Petals (1.2–)1.4–1.8(–2) cm; stipules broadly ovate, connate ................................................................... 48. G. hayatanum 14b. Petals (0.4–)0.5–0.8(–1.3) cm; stipules lanceolate to subulate, distinct.
15a. Leaf blade middle gment obtriangular, 3–5-lobed; petals (5.2–)7.2–8.4(–12.7) mm ..................
............. 47. G. suzukii 15b. Leaf blade middle gment rhombic, 6–14-lobed; petals 4–5.9(–6.3) mm.
16a. Leaf blade middle gment narrowly rhombic; pal mucros long, ratio of mucro length/pal
length = (0.17–)0.23–0.28(–0.34) ........................................................................................................... 15. G. sibiricum 16b. Leaf blade middle gment broadly rhombic; pal mucros short, ratio of mucro length/pal
length = (0.09–)0.14–0.21 ...................................................................................................................... 16. G. nepalen 13b. Cymules usually with 2(or 3) flowers.
17a. Petals reflexed.
18a. Pedicel glandular trichomes purple, coar, den ................................................................................... 18. G. refractum 18b. Pedicel glandular trichomes colorless or with purple heads, fine, den to spar or abnt.
19a. Nectaries forming a ring around flower; petal basal margin with very few trichomes ............................ 19. G. sinen 19b. Nectaries 5, parate; petal basal margin with numerous trich
omes.
20a. Petals with trichomes only on basal margin .................................................................................... 20. G. shensianum 20b. Petals with trichomes on basal margin and inside ba.
21a. Filaments almost glabrous or with a few 0.3–0.8(–1.2) mm trichomes; petals (0.6–)0.8–1(–1.2)
cm, with an evident whitish basal zone .............................................................................................. 21. G. delavayi 21b. Filament ba with numerous 1–1.8 mm trichomes; petals (1.2–)1.3–1.7 cm, without a
whitish basal zone ...................................................................................................................... 22. G. pogonanthum 17b. Petals not reflexed.
22a. Stem arising from subglobo tubercles connected together by thin rootstock; cauline leaves alternate.
23a. Petal apices deeply emarginate; leaves palmately divided; mericarps without a basal callus ......... 11. G. linearilobum 23b. Petal apices rounded or rarely shallowly emarginate; leaves palmatel
y cleft; mericarps with
a basal callus.
24a. Petals 0.6–1.2 cm; pals 5.3–6.3 mm ..................................................................................... 25. G. canopurpureum 24b. Petals 1.6–1.8 cm; pals 7.1–10.9 mm ........................................................................................ 24. G. pylzowianum 22b. Stem arising from rootstock without tubercles; cauline leaves opposite or alternate.
25a. Cauline leaves alternate (upper usually opposite).
26a. Staminal filaments with 1.5–3.2 mm nonglandular trichomes; rostrum narrowed apex 4.8–9.8 mm.
27a. Stem and petioles with retror appresd trichomes; leaves deeply divided ................................ 29. G. erianthum
27b. Stem and petioles with patent trichomes; leaves not deeply divided ......................................... 30. G. platyanthum 26b. Staminal filaments with 0.1–0.9 mm nonglandular trichomes; rostrum narrowed apex 0.9–3 mm.
28a. Petals 4–6.2(–6.9) mm; leaf blade usually with 3 gments ............................................................ 14. G. wilfordii
28b. Petals 8.1–12.6(–15.6) mm; leaf blade with 5(or 7) gments.
29a. Petals white, apex emarginate ..................................................................................................... 31. G. albiflorum
29b. Petals purplish, apex rounded.
30a. Leaf blade deeply divided, ratio of main sinus/middle gment length =
(0.81–)0.87–0.91; leaf blade middle gment 8–22-lobed in distal half ....................... 32. G. pudosibiricum
GERANIACEAE9 30b. Leaf blade not deeply divided, ratio of main sinus/middle gment length = 0.78–0.82;
leaf blade middle gment 7–13-lobed in distal half ................................................................ 50. G. franchetii 25b. Cauline leaves opposite.
31a. Petals 0.4–0.8(–0.9) cm; anthers 0.3–1.1 mm.
32a. Leaf blade of cauline leaves with 3 gments ................................................................................... 14. G. wilfordii 32b. Leaf blade of cauline leaves with 5 gments.
33a. Sepals with glandular trichomes; petals (6.8–)7.3–8.3(–9) mm ................................................ 17. G. thunbergii 33b. Sepals without glandular trichomes; petals 5.1–5.9(–6.3) mm ................................................... 16. G. nepalen 31b. Petals (0.8–)1–2(–2.8) cm; anthers (0.9–)1.4–3.4 mm.
34a. Staminal filaments with a broadly triangular ba and an abruptly narrowed apex.
35a. Immature fruit reflexed.
36a. Leaf blade (4.2–)6.2–11.5 cm, deeply divided, ratio of main sinus/middle gment length =
(0.81–)0.86–0.94; pal with a (1.7–)2.2–3.9 mm mucro .......................................................... 33. G. praten
36b. Leaf blade 2.2–3.8(–5.5) cm, not deeply divided, ratio of main sinus/middle gment
length = 0.65–0.79(–0.86); pal with a 0.7–1.3(–1.9) mm mucro ..................................... 34. G. himalayen 35b. Immature fruit erect.
37a. Petals (1.6–)1.8–2.8 cm, apex emarginate; pals (8.4–)9–10.3(–11.3) mm .............................. 36. G. saxatile 37b. Petals (0.8–)1–1.6(–1.8) cm, apex rounded; pals 4.8–7.3(–9.3) mm ..................................... 35. G. collinum 34b. Staminal filaments lanceolate or sometimes slightly dilated at ba.
38a. Staminal filaments and stigma blackish.
39a. Petals 1.2–1.4(–1.6) cm; staminal filaments with 0.2–0.8 mm trichomes ................... 38. G. christennianum 39b. Petals 2–2.4 cm; staminal filaments with 1.5–2 mm trichomes ................................................ 37. G. lambertii 38b. Staminal filaments and stigma white or purplish.
40a. Stipules ovate, connate for most of their length.
41a. Petals with trichomes inside only at ba, apex rounded; plants erect ................................. 43. G. koreanum 41b. Petals with trichomes inside on basal 1/3, apex emarginate; plants trailing to
ascending ......................................................................................................................... 39. G. wallic
hianum 40b. Stipules lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, distinct or sometimes connate for part of their
length.
42a. Dwarf alpine plants 4–20(–40) cm tall; stipules distinct.
43a. Rootstock with veral napiform roots clustered around it; leaf blade abaxially with
glandular trichomes ........................................................................................................ 26. G. napuligerum 43b. Rootstock without napiform roots clustered around it; leaf blade without glandular
trichomes.
44a. Petals very pale pink, claw 2.3–6.1 mm, apex rounded ....................................................... 28. G. farreri
44b. Petals deep pink, without claw, apex emarginate .......................................................... 27. G. donianum 42b. Plants with an erect stem (21–)50–129 cm tall; stipules connate or distinct.
45a. Petal apices emarginate; stipules distinct ................................................................................ 49. G. rectum
45b. Petal apices rounded; stipules usually connate or connate at least at ba.
46a. Rootstock horizontal or vertical, long, with thickened roots along it.
47a. Petals (1.3–)1.6–1.9(–2.1) cm, outside with trichomes only at ba; anthers
blackish .....................................................................................................................23. G. yunnanen 47b. Petals (1–)1.2–1.4 cm, outside with trichomes on basal 1/3–1/2; anthers purplish ... 46. G. rosthornii
46b. Rootstock vertical, short, with a fascicle of long and thickened roots.
48a. Leaf blade deeply divided, ratio of main sinus/middle gment length =
(0.81–)0.86–0.96.
49a. Petals (1.3–)1.4–2 cm ............................................................................................ 42. G. soboliferum
49b. Petals (0.8–)0.9–1.3(–1.5) cm.
50a. Stigmatic remains 4.6–6.6 mm; nectaries apically with a tuft of trichomes;
pals (6.2–)7–10 mm; middle leaf blade gment (4.3–)5.4–8.8 mm wide
at ba ........................................................................................................................ 41. G. krameri 50b. Stigmatic remains 2.8–4.5 mm; nectaries usually glabrous; pals 5.5–6.9(–9)
mm; middle leaf blade gment 1.6–4.8(–5.7) mm wide at ba ....................... 40. G. dahuricum 48b. Leaf blade not deeply divided, ratio of main sinus/middle gment length =
0.7–0.81(–0.84).
51a. Sepals (7.9–)9.4–11.2 mm; petals (1.5–)1.6–2.1 cm; leaf blade shallowly
divided, ratio of cond sinus/middle gment length = (0.13–)0.2–
0.24(–0.25); nectaries apically with a tuft of trichomes;
stigmatic remains 5–6.9 mm ............................................................................. 44. G. wlassovianum
GERANIACEAE
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51b. Sepals 5.6–7.5(–7.9) mm; petals 1.1–1.4(–1.5) cm; leaf blade shallowly
divided, ratio of cond sinus/middle gment length = (0.11–)0.15–
0.17(–0.21); nectaries glabrous; stigmatic remains 3.5–4.4 mm ...................... 45. G. maximowiczii
1. Geranium robertianum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 681. 1753.
汉荭鱼腥草 han hong yu xing cao
Geranium eriophorum H. Léveillé.
Biennials or sometimes annuals. Stem 10–55 cm tall, erect, not rooting at nodes, with 0.4–1 mm ± patent glandular tri-chomes. Stipules ovate, distinct. Leaves opposite; petiole with 0.3–0.5 mm retror not appresd nonglandular trichomes and 0.4–2.4 mm patent glandular trichomes; leaf blade 3–9 cm, palmately divided, pilo with ± appresd glandular trichomes; gments 5, rhombic, with a petiolule on middle gment 0.2–0.4 × as long as its gment, 16–46-lobed in distal half, ratio of cond sinus/middle gment length = 0.26–0.5. Cymules solitary, 2-flowered; peduncle 1–6 cm.
Pedicel 0.5–2 cm, with 0.4–1.5 mm patent glandular trichomes and 0.3–0.5 mm retror not appresd nonglandular trichomes; bracteoles lanceolate. Sepals 6–8 mm, mucro 1.8–2.5 mm, ratio of mucro/pal length = ca. 0.3, outside with 0.3–0.5 mm ± patent nonglandular tri-chomes and 0.4–3.2 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals purplish, 7.5–9.7(–10.4) mm, erect to patent, glabrous, apex rounded. Staminal filaments pinkish, lanceolate with an abruptly narrowed apex, glabrous; anthers purplish, 0.4–0.6 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, glabrous. Stigma pinkish. Fruit 1.9–2.3 cm, erect when immature; mericarps reticulate, ridges spar and scarcely anastomosing in basal half but denr apically and forming 1 or 2(or 3) overlapping collar-like keels at apex, without a basal callus, glabrous or sometimes with ca. 0.2 mm nonglandular trichomes, small glands, or both; rostrum 1.7–1.9 cm, with a 4–5 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 1–1.3 mm. Seeds 2.1–2.2 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. May–Aug. 2n = 64.
Forests; 900–3300 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Africa, W Asia, Europe].
Petals of Chine specimens of Geranium robertianum are unus-ually short. In other areas, petals vary from 0.9 to 1.4 cm. Geranium purpureum Villars, which is not recorded from China, is quite simil
ar to G. robertianum and has short petals. However, it can be parated by its yellow anthers and by its mericarps cloly ribbed. Geranium purpureum is widespread in N Africa, Europe, and W Asia as far as Iran.
2. Geranium ocellatum Cambessèdes in Jacquemont, Voy. Inde 4(Bot.): 3
3. 1835–184
4.
二色老鹳草 er lao guan cao
Geranium kweichowen C. C. Huang; G. ocellatum var. yunnanen R. Knuth; G. tapintzen C. C. Huang.
Annuals. Stem 9–37 cm tall, erect or ascending, not rooting at nodes, with 0.4–2.4 mm patent nonglandular tri-chomes, 0.1–0.3 mm uncinate nonglandular trichomes, and usually 0.2–0.4 mm patent glandular trichomes. Stipules lan-ceolate, distinct. Leaves opposite; petiole with 0.5–2.7 mm patent nonglandular trichomes, 0.1–0.3 mm uncinate non-glandular trichomes, and usually 0.2–0.3 mm patent glandular trichomes; leaf blade 1.3–6.7 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle
gment length = 0.63–0.83, pilo with ± ap-presd nonglandular and glandular trichomes; gments 5–7, rhombic, 3–11 mm wide at ba, 3–19-lobed in distal half, ratio of cond sinus/middle gment length = 0.14–0.29. Cymules solitary, (1 or)2-flowered, sometimes grouped at nodes with short or no peduncles; peduncle (0–)1–9.4 cm. Pedicel 0.5–2.2 cm, with 0.1–0.3 mm patent to uncinate nonglandular trichomes and usually 0.3–0.5 mm patent glandular trichomes; bracteoles lanceolate. Sepals 3.4–7.2 mm, mucro 0.2–1 mm, ratio of mucro/pal length = 0.05–0.21, outside with 0.1–2.2 mm ± patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.3–0.6 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals purplish with a dark basal spot, 3.1–7.5 mm, erect to patent, both surfaces glabrous, margin basally ciliate, apex rounded. Staminal filaments white with dark purplish apex, lanceolate, glabrous; anthers purplish, 0.7–1.1 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, glabrous. Stigma dark purplish. Fruit 1–1.7 cm, erect when immature; mericarps transverly wrinkled, without a basal callus, glabrous; rostrum 0.8–1.4 cm, without a narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 0.2–0.7 mm. Seeds 1.3–2.4 mm. Fl. Feb–Apr, fr. Apr–May. 2n = 56.
Meadows, farmland; (700–)1600–2200 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, S Sichuan (Huili), Yunnan [Afghanistan, NE India, Kashmir, Nepal, Paki-stan; Africa, W Asia].
Mericarps of Geranium ocellatum are quite similar to tho of G. molle, although they have deeper tr
ansver wrinkles. The spotted petals and dark anthers and stigma unequivocally identify G. ocellatum.
3. Geranium polyanthes Edgeworth & J. D. Hooker in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: 431. 187
4.
多花老鹳草 duo hua lao guan cao
Perennials. Rootstock ± vertical, 4–10 mm in diam., not tuberculate, without thickened roots. Stem 7–64 cm tall, erect, not rooting at nodes, subglabrous or with a variable indumentum compod of 0.1–0.3 mm uncinate nonglandular trichomes, 0.8–2.2 mm patent nonglandular trichomes, and 0.2–1.3 mm patent glandular trichomes in different combinations. Stipules ovate, distinct. Leaves 1(or 2) alternate but opposite at inflores-cence; petiole subglabrous or with a variable indumentum com-pod of 0.1–0.3 mm uncinate nonglandular trichomes, 0.4–1.9 mm patent nonglandular trichomes, and 0.5–1.2 mm patent glandular trichomes in different combinations; leaf blade 2.1–5.6 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle g-ment length = 0.68–0.81, pilo with ± appresd nonglandular and glandular trichomes; gments 5–7, obtriangular, 3.8–8.9 mm wide at ba, 3–9-lobed in distal half, ratio of cond sinus/middle gment length = 0.12–0.23. Cymules in den umb
el-like aggregates at apex of each branch, 2(or 3)-flowered; peduncle abnt (to 7.3 cm). Pedicel 0.2–2.5 cm, with 1–2.3 mm patent nonglandular trichomes, 0.2–0.3 mm uncinate non-glandular trichomes, and usually 0.4–0.7 mm patent glandular trichomes; bracteoles lanceolate. Sepals 4.9–8.2 mm, mucro 0.4–1 mm, ratio of mucro/pal length = 0.06–0.13, outside with
GERANIACEAE11
0.2–2.6 mm ± patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.4–1.1 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals pinkish, (0.8–)1–1.4 cm, erect to patent, outside glabrous, inside basally with trichomes, margin basally ciliate, apex rounded or retu. Staminal filaments white, lanceolate, adaxially pilo and proximal half ciliate, trichomes 0.3–0.7 mm; anthers yellow, 0.6–1.1 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, glabrous. Stigma pinkish. Fruit 1.3–2.1 cm, erect when immature; mericarps reticulate, without a basal callus, with ± appresd 0.1–0.2 mm non-glandular trichomes; rostrum 0.9–1.4 cm, without a narrowed apex or with a 0.5–1 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 0.7–1.7 mm. Seeds 1.9–2.6 mm. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct.
Forests, scrub, meadows; 2900–4000 m. Sichuan (Kangding), SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Nepal].
This species is well characterized by its 2(or 3)-flowered cymules in den umbel-like aggregates at the apex of each branch and its short or abnt peduncles. Geranium carolinianum is an annual with similar inflorescences but with smooth mericarps. Rootstock of G. polyanthes is usually vertical, sometimes knotty (probably when growing in difficult soils), but not tubero. This species can produce cleistogamic flowers of less size, which are not considered in the description.
4. Geranium hispidissimum (Franchet) R. Knuth in Engler, Pflanzenr. 53(IV. 129): 183. 1912.
刚毛紫地榆 gang mao zi di yu
Geranium strigosum Franchet var. hispidissimum Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 113. 1889; G. platylobum (Franchet) R. Knuth; G. strigosum var. platylobum Franchet.
Perennials. Rootstock ± vertical, 0.6–1.6 cm in diam., not tuberculate, without thickened roots. Stem 16–72 cm tall, erect or ascending, not rooting at nodes, with 0.1–0.3 mm uncinate nonglandular trichomes, 0.3–3.5 mm patent glandular tri-chomes, and usually 0.5–3.3 mm patent nonglandular trichomes. Stipules lanceolate, distinct. Leaves opposite; petiole with 0.1–0.3 mm uncinate nonglandular trichomes, 0.4–3.2 mm patent glandular trichomes, and usually 0.4–3.1 mm patent nonglandular trichomes; leaf blade 2.4–5.3 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle gment le
ngth = (0.55–)0.67–0.76 (–0.8), pilo with ± appresd nonglandular and glandular trichomes; gments 5, obtriangular, 4.8–11.7 mm wide at ba, 9–16-lobed in distal half, ratio of cond sinus/middle gment length = 0.14–0.28. Cymules solitary, 2-flowered; peduncle 1.1–14.5 cm. Pedicel 0.8–3.2 cm, with 0.1–0.3 mm uncinate nonglandular trichomes, 0.6–2 mm patent glandular trichomes, and usually 0.2–2.2 mm patent nonglandular trichomes; bracte-oles lanceolate. Sepals 4.9–7.3 mm, mucro 0.8–2.4 mm, ratio of mucro/pal length = 0.17–0.35, outside with 0.1–0.5 mm ± patent nonglandular trichomes and 1–3.4 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous adaxially. Petals white or pinkish, 8.6–9.8(–10.6) mm, erect to patent, outside usually glabrous, inside basally with trichomes, margin basally ciliate, apex rounded. Staminal filaments whitish, lanceolate, abaxially pilo and proximal half ciliate, trichomes 0.2–0.9 mm; anthers brownish purple, 1.2–1.7 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, abaxi-ally glabrous, apex with a tuft of trichomes. Stigma pinkish. Fruit 2.3–2.8 cm, erect when immature; mericarps reticulate, without a basal callus, glabrous or with 0.1–0.2 mm ± appresd nonglandular trichomes; rostrum 1.6–2 cm, without a narrowed apex or with a 0.5–1 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains
1.5–
2.4 mm. Seeds 2.2–
3.3 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep.
● Secondary forests, scrub, meadows; 1500–3000 m. NW Yunnan.
Plants that have gone under the name Geranium platylobum repre-nts a form with more rounded leaf blade gments, otherwi indis-tinguishable from G. hispidissimum. Indumentum of G. hispidissimum is variable. In some specimens, glandular trichomes can denly cover stems, petioles, or pedicels, although they can be scattered in others. Patent nonglandular trichomes are not always prent.
5. Geranium strictipes R. Knuth in Engler, Pflanzenr. 53(IV. 129): 581. 1912.
紫地榆 zi di yu
Geranium strictipes var. grandiflorum (Franchet) C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li; G. strigosum Franchet (1887), not N. L. Burman (1768); G. strigosum var. gracile Franchet; G. strigosum var. grandiflorum Franchet.
Perennials. Rootstock ± vertical, 0.6–2.8 cm in diam., not tuberculate, without thickened roots. Stem 20–76 cm tall, erect or ascending, not rooting at nodes, with 0.3–2.2 mm patent nonglandular tricho
mes and usually 0.4–3.4 mm patent glandular trichomes or sometimes subglabrous. Stipules lan-ceolate, distinct. Leaves opposite; petiole with 0.4–2 mm patent nonglandular trichomes, 0.1–0.3 mm uncinate non-glandular trichomes, and usually 0.2–2.7 mm patent glandular trichomes; leaf blade 1.8–4.9 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle gment length = (0.69–)0.8–0.88, pilo with ± appresd nonglandular and glandular trichomes; gments 5, rhombic, 3.2–8.3 mm wide at ba, 8–16-lobed in distal half, ratio of cond sinus/middle gment length = 0.24–0.46. Cymules solitary, 2-flowered; peduncle 4.1–10.9 cm. Pedicel 0.5–2.4 cm, with 0.2–1.9 mm patent nonglandular trichomes, 0.2–0.3 mm uncinate nonglandular trichomes, and 0.4–1.7 mm patent glandular trichomes; bracteoles lanceolate. Sepals 6–7.8 mm,mucro 0.8–2.3 mm, ratio of mucro/pal length = 0.11– 0.35, outside with 0.2–1.9 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.8–2.8 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals pinkish, (1–)1.2–1.5 cm, erect to patent, both surfaces basally with trichomes, margin basally ciliate, apex rounded or with a 0.5–1 mm notch. Staminal filaments yellowish, lanceo-late, abaxially pilo and proximal half ciliate, trichomes 0.2–0.8 mm; anthers yellowish, 1–2.7 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, abaxially glabrous, apex with a tuft of trichomes. Stigma yel-lowish. Fruit 2.8–4.6 cm, erect when immature; mericarps retic-ulate, without a basal callus, with 0.1–0.2 mm ± appresd non-glandular trichomes; rostrum 1.9–3.7 cm, with a 1–2.6 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 1.9–2.7 mm. Seeds 3.3–4.4 mm. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep.
● Secondary forests, scrub, meadows; 2500–3000 m. SW Sichuan, Yunnan.
Geranium strictipes shares reticulate mericarps and opposite leaves with G. hispidissimum. They are clo species and difficult to distinguish, although G. strictipes has more deeply divided leaves (e primary and condary division of middle gment and its narrower ba). Addi-tionally, the middle gment is rhombic in G. strictipes and ± obtriangular
GERANIACEAE 12
in G. hispidissimum. L eaf indumentum is denr in G. hispidissimum, which also has shorter petals.
The rhizomes are a local medicine for indigestion.
6. Geranium moupinens e Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. H ist. Nat., sér. 2, 8: 208. 1886.
宝兴老鹳草 bao xing lao guan cao
Geranium ascendens Z. M. Tan.
Perennials. Rootstock ± vertical, 3–5 mm in diam., not tuberculate, without thickened roots. Stem 12
–25 cm tall, erect, not rooting at nodes, with 0.1–0.3 mm uncinate nonglandular trichomes and 0.7–1.1 mm patent glandular trichomes. Stipules lanceolate, distinct. Leaves alternate; petiole with 0.1–0.2 mm uncinate nonglandular trichomes and 0.8–1.1 mm patent gland-ular trichomes; leaf blade 3.6–5.8 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle gment length = 0.76–0.81, pilo with ± appresd nonglandular and glandular trichomes; gments 5, obtriangular, 3.8–7 mm wide at ba, 3–7-lobed in distal half, ratio of cond sinus/middle gment length = 0.14–0.18. Cymules solitary, 2-flowered; peduncle 4.8–7.2 cm. Pedicel 2.5–2.8 cm, with 0.2–0.3 mm uncinate retror nonglandular trichomes and 0.7–1.1 mm patent glandular trichomes; bracte-oles lanceolate. Sepals 7.9–8.9 mm, mucro 1.7–1.8 mm, ratio of mucro/pal length = 0.19–0.22, outside with 0.1–0.3 mm ± patent nonglandular trichomes and 1.4–1.8 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals pinkish, ca. 1.2 cm, erect to patent, both surfaces basally with trichomes, margin basally ciliate, apex rounded. Staminal filaments whitish, lanceolate, abaxially pilo and proximal half ciliate, trichomes 0.4–1 mm; anthers brown, 1.6–1.7 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, abaxially glabrous, apex with a tuft of trichomes. Stigma color unknown. Fruit ca. 2.3 cm, erect when immature; mericarps reticulate, without a basal callus, with 0.1–0.2 mm ± appresd nongland-ular trichomes; rostrum ca. 1.6 cm, with a ca. 1.7 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains ca. 1.9 mm. Seeds ca. 2 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
● Secondary forests, scrub, meadows; 2200–3000 m. W Sichuan.
Description of Geranium moupinen is in some points incomplete becau only a few collections are known. However, this species is well characterized by its reticulate mericarps, alternate leaves, and solitary cymules.
7. Geranium umbelliforme Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 443. 1887.
伞花老鹳草 san hua lao guan cao
Perennials. Rootstock ± vertical, 6–11 mm in diam., not tuberculate, without thickened roots. Stem 28–45 cm tall, erect, not rooting at nodes, with 0.3–3.9 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.7–1.8 mm patent glandular trichomes. Stipules ovate, distinct. Leaves alternate; petiole with 0.4–3.9 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.6–1.8 mm patent glandular trichomes; leaf blade 3.7–8.4 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle gment length = 0.66–0.73, pilo with ± ap-presd nonglandular and glandular trichomes; gments 5 or 7, obtriangular, 0.8–1.4 cm wide at ba, 7–15-lobed in distal half, ratio of cond sinus/middle gment length = 0.16–0.19. Cymules in loo umbel-like aggregates at apex of each branch, (2 or)3(or 4)-flowered; peduncle 2.5–6.7 cm. Pedicel 0.6–3.5 cm, with 0.4–3.5 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.6–1.8 mm patent glandular tricho
mes; bracteoles linear-lanceolate. Sepals 6.1–7.6 mm, mucro 0.7–1.4 mm, ratio of mucro/pal length = 0.11–0.18, outside with 0.3–3.2 mm patent nonglandu-lar trichomes and 0.6–1.6 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals pinkish, 1.3–1.5 cm, erect to patent, both sur-faces basally with trichomes but mainly inside, margin basally ciliate, apex rounded or retu. Staminal filaments whitish, lan-ceolate, abaxially pilo and proximal half ciliate, trichomes 0.3–0.9 mm; anthers brownish, 0.9–1.6 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, glabrous. Stigma reddish. Fruit ca. 1.8 cm, erect when immature; mericarps reticulate, without a basal callus, with 0.1–0.2 mm ± appresd nonglandular trichomes; rostrum ca. 1.2 cm, with a ca. 2 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains ca.
1.5 mm. Seeds not known. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct.
● Meadows in forest zone; 2800–3200 m. S Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
This species somewhat rembles Geranium polyanthes, although its inflorescence is more lax becau cymules always have a well-developed peduncle. Differences in rostrum shape should be checked with more fruiting material of G. umbelliforme, becau only one mature fruit has been studied. Ovate stipules are shared with G. polyanthes and G. wardii Yeo. The latter is an endemic from C Myanmar and has opposite leaves.
8. Geranium divaricatum Ehrhart, Beitr. Naturk. 7: 164. 1792. 叉枝老鹳草 cha zhi lao guan cao
Annuals. Stem 20–50 cm tall, erect, not rooting at nodes, with 1–3 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.2–0.5 mm patent glandular and nonglandular trichomes. Stipules lanceo-late, distinct. Leaves alternate; petiole with 1–2.8 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.2–0.5 mm glandular and non-glandular trichomes; leaf blade 2.5–7 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle gment length = 0.65–0.85, pilo with ± appresd nonglandular and glandular trichomes; gments 5(or 7), rhombic, 4–9 mm wide at ba, 7–12(–15)-lobed in distal half, ratio of cond sinus/middle gment length = 0.16–0.26. Cymules solitary, 2-flowered; peduncle 0.6–3.5 cm. Pedicel 1–2.8 cm, with 1–2.5 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.2–0.5 mm patent glandular and nonglandular trichomes; bracteoles lanceolate. Sepals 4–4.5 mm, mucro 0.7–1 mm, ratio of mucro/pal length = 0.17–0.22, outside with 0.2–0.8 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.3–0.7 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals bright purple, 4–6.5 mm, erect to patent, margin basally ciliate or not, apex emarginate with a ca. 1 mm notch. Staminal filaments white, lanceolate, abaxially pilo and proximal half ciliate, trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm; anthers purple, 0.4–0.6 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, glabrous. Stigma pale pink. Fruit 7–11 mm, erect when immature; mericarps with 3 or 4 transver ribs, without a basal callus, with 0.2–0.5 mm appresd
nonglandular trichomes, ba not ciliate; rostrum 5–8 mm, without a narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 0.5–1 mm. Seeds 2.4–2.6 mm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jun–Jul. 2n = 28.
Slopes of lower mountains, plains; 900–1200 m. N Xinjiang [Ka-zakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; W Asia, Europe].
