Unit1Ways of Learning
Ⅱ.Words and Expressions
1.(L.7)attach:vt.fasten or join(one thing to another)
*She attached an antenna to the radio.天线
(=A tag was attached to each article.)
Pattern: sth.
be attached to sth.
2.(L.21)initial:adj.of or at the beginning;first
最初的会谈是后来达成协议的基础。
(=The initial talks were the ba of the later agreement.)
*the initial letter of a word一个词的首字母
3.(L.25)await:vt.wait for
*He was anxiously awaiting her reply.
他早就期待着这个时刻了。
(=He has long awaited this moment.)
4.(L.25)on occasion:now and then
*It has,on occasion,created trouble for the bank.
你有时使人们感到诧异。
(=You have on occasion surprid people.)
CF:on occasion&on the occasion of
这两个词组非常相似，但意思不同。
on occasion有时，间或。
on the occasion of在…之际。
*on the occasion of sb.'s wedding
5.(L.26)neglect:vt.give too little attention or care to
*neglect one's meals and sleep
离开时别忘了锁门。
(=Don't neglect to lock the door when you leave.)
CF:neglect,ignore&omit
这几个词都有忽略、遗漏之意。
neglect指对职责、义务或应做的事没有给予足够的注意。这种忘记可能是有意的，也可能是无意的。例如：
*Tho who neglect their duties should be punished.玩忽职守者应受惩罚。
*Why do they always neglect the traffic regulation.他们为什么老是不注意遵守交通规则呢？
ignore指疏忽、不顾，强调对某人或某物故意不理会，有时还带有固执地拒绝的意味。
例如：
*When I saw Tom,I stopped to greet him,but he ignored me and walked on.
当我看到汤姆时，我停下来和他打招呼，但他没有理我继续往前走。
*The teacher ignored my difficult questions.老师对我的难题置之不理。omit指因专注或疏忽而忘记某事，这种失误可能是有意或无意的。该词还可指删除不利
或不必要的东西。例如：
*She should not omit to visit the muum.她不应忘了去参观博物馆。
*The third part of the book may be omitted.该书的第三部分可以删掉。
6.(L.28)relevant:adj.directly connected with the subject
(=His color is not relevant to whether he's a good lawyer.)
该证据与此案有关。
(=The evidence is relevant to the ca.)
Pattern:be relevant to
7.(L.29)investigate:
to find out information about
*Scientists are investigating how the plane crash occurred.
*If you hear such a rumor,investigate it thoroughly.
2.vi.make a detailed inquiry探究调查
*investigate into an affair
*investigate into a rumor
CF:investigate,examine&inspect
这几个词都有调查、检查之意。
investigate较正式，指有条不紊地进行调查研究以发现事实真相，更常用以说明调查案件、
情况、背景来历等。例如：
*They investigated the cau of the accident.他们调查了事故的原因。
*The police are investigating the murder.警方正在调查这件谋杀案。examine是普通用语，指仔细地检查某人或物。该词还指官方主持的检查或医生进行的诊察，
也表示对某种观点的讨论研究，更指考试。例如：
*They examined our passports very carefully.他们仔细检查了我们的护照。
*An optician is qualified to examine your eyes and prescribe glass.眼科医生有
资格来检查你的眼睛并给你配眼镜。
inspect较正式，用得不如examine广泛，指对某人或某物进行检查、查问，带有揭示其差
异或缺陷的意思。更常指官员们的视察以发现下属单位的缺点等，还指检阅军队。
例如：
*The firemen were inspecting the warehou for potential fire hazards.消防人员正
在检查仓库以防火灾。
*Every length of cloth is inspected before it leaves the factory.出厂之前每寸布匹都
检查过。
8.(L.30)throw light on:help understanding
*The facts throw new light on the matter.
这些事实使人进一步了解此事。
9.(L.34)exception:n.sb./sth.that a comment or statement does not apply to
(=There is an exception to this grammatical rule.)
这是那项规定的一个明显的例外。
(=This is an apparent exception to the rule.)
Pattern:an exception to
Collocation:
with many/few exceptions有很多/很少例外
without exception毫无例外，一律
with the exception of除…之外
make an exception of把...作为例外
make no exceptions不容许有例外；一视同仁
10.(L.39)desirable:adj.worth having as by being uful,advantageous,or pleasing;worth
achieving
*Main Street is a very desirable location for a large department store.
*It is most desirable that he should attend the conference.
NB:antonym:undesirable
11.(L.41)accomplish:vt.manage to do(sth.)
*She's accomplished a great deal in the last few weeks.
这项任务不是在一代人的时间里所能完成的。
(=The task will not be accomplished in one generation.)
Collocation:
accomplish one's object/goal达到目的
accomplish one's mission完成使命
CF:accomplish,complete&finish
这三个词都含“完成”的意思。
accomplish通常接task,aim,journey,voyage航行旅程等名词，有时兼有取得效果之意。例
如：
*I don't feel our visit really accomplished anything.我不认为我们的访问真正
取了什么结果。
complete比accomplish具体，可接建筑、工程、书籍等名词，指按预期目的把未完成的工
作经过进一步的努力使之完成，主要涵义是补足缺少的部分。例如：
*The building will be completed by the end of this month.这座楼于本月底建成。finish在许多情况下可与complete换用，但不及complete正式，常含有认真仔细地完成工
作的最后阶段的精工修饰，使之完美的意思。例如：
*Finish the work off before you leave for your holiday.你去度假前应先把工作做完。
12.(L.43)in due cour:at the proper time;eventually
*Be patient.You'll get your promotion in due cour.
(声音文件in due cour)
(=Your book will be published in due cour.)
13.(L.48)critical:adj.
1)very important
*A cond income is critical to the family's well-being.
接下来的两个礼拜对于公司来说是至关重要的。
(=The next two weeks will be critical for the company.)
Collocation:
a critical decision重大的决定
critical moment紧要关头，关键时刻
2)very rious or dangerous
严重短缺食物
(=a critical shortage of food)
Collocation:
critical condition危险状态
a critical illness重病
14.(L.50)principal adj.main;chief
*the principal food of the people of India
*the principal rivers of Europe
CF:principal&principle
principal和principle的意思完全不同，但常常被混淆。
principle仅作名词用，其主要意义指基本的东西或规则和标准。
principal既是名词又是形容词。作为名词，它一般指居于高位或担任重要角色的人。例如：
a meeting among all the principals in the transaction。交易事务作为形容词，它
有主要的或首要的的意思。
15.(L.50)rear:1.vt.Bring up and educate;look after(animals)
*rear children
饲养家禽
(=rear poultry)
*The kitchen is in the rear of the hou.
停车场在这建筑物的后边。
(=The parking lot is at the rear of the building.)
16.(L.52)make up for:repay d;compensate for
*I didn't travel much when I was younger,but I'm certainly making up for lost time now.
他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。
(=They hurried on to make up for lost time.)
17.(L.59)in retrospect:on evaluating the past;upon reflection
*There are some things that you only become totally conscious of in retrospect.
(=In retrospect,what I have done is clearly absurd.)荒谬的可笑的
18.(L.64)facility:n.
1)ability to do sth.easily and well
*play the piano with facility
有学习语言的天才
(=have great facility in learning languages)
2)(pl.)equipment,aids,etc.which make it easy to do things
*sports facilities
*There are facilities for cooking in the kitchen.
娱乐设施
(=entertainment facilities)
19.(L.71)apply:vi.
1)be relevant;have an effect
Pattern:apply to sb./sth.
*What I have said does not apply to you.
教授的这条建议只适用于一些大学生。
(=The advice given by the professor only applies to some of the college students.)
2)write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally for sth.
Pattern:apply(to sb.)for sth.
apply to do sth.
*We applied to the authorities for assistance.
他决定申请参加学生会。
(=He decided to apply to join the Student Union.)
20.(L.79)priority:n.sth.that one must do before anything el
*Study is not on his list of priorities.
道路建设应是予以优先考虑的事。
(=Road building is a first priority.)
21.(L.82)evolve:vi.develop gradually
Pattern:evolve into进化成，发展成，逐步形成
evolve from/out of由…演化而成；从…发展而来
*The early fish have evolved into some30,000different species.
这一简单的计划逐步形成为一项复杂的规划。
(=The simple plan evolved into a complicated scheme.)
*Some people believe that we evolved from the apes.猿猩猩
这整个想法是从信口说出的一句话发展而来的。
(=The whole idea evolved from a casual remark.)
22.(L.85)contrast:
