英语 专四 语法易错点

更新时间:2023-05-08 03:52:23 阅读: 评论:0

Especially, speciallyparticularly的区别
1especial为形容词,它的特别是不同于普通的,有主要的突出的的意思。其副词为especially,反义词为ordinary。如:
It’s a matter of especial importance. 这是一件特别重要的事情。
I feel especially interested in the project. 我对这个方案特别感兴趣。
2special特别是不同于一般的,有特殊的专门的意思。其反义词为general,副词为specially。如:
They went to Paris on a special plane. 他们乘专机去巴黎。
I came here specially to ask you for advice. 我是专程来这里向你请教的。
3particularly意为尤其特别格外地。通常指以不寻常的方式突出某一事物的个性或独特之处。它常与especially换用,但更强调与众不同。如:
    The books will be particularly helpful to tho who wish to improve spoken English. 这些书对那些希望提高自己英语口语水平的人来说特别有用。
except, except for, apart from, besides
except for 它的宾语与前述对象完全是两回事。例如:The room was very cold and, except for Jack, entirely empty.这个房间很阴冷,而且除了杰克,完全是空荡荡的。
  Except:指同一类事物的总体中除去一部分。如:He gets up early everyday except Sunday. 除星期天外,他每天早起。
  Except that后面跟从句,语意与上同。如:He has always been in good health except that he has had a slight headache in the past few days. 除了在过去几天里有些头痛之外,他身体一直很好。
  besides:强调除此之外,还包括。例如:She can speak French and Japane besides English. 除英语外,她还会讲法语和日语。
  apart from;其含义主要依据上下文而定,有时可与except换用,有时可代替besides.例如:Apart from the coat, the hat doesn't suit me. 除价钱太贵,这帽子也不适合我戴。
except 用于同类之间。
except for 用于不同类的。
apart from 在同类或不同类都能用
take out
1.取出
The doctor has taken my bad tooth out.
医生已拔掉了我的坏牙。
2.扣除;除去
The train fare has already been taken out from his salary.
火车费已从他工资中扣除。
3.带...出去
frighten,fear,afraid,scared
先来比较Frightenedafraid
对因其长时期恐惧的某事物感到害怕,,afraid of更常用一点,但也可以用frightened of. eg. I'm afraid of snakes.
如果单看frightenedafraid, frightened可以做定语,即有修饰中心词的作用,如a frightened kid,另外afraidfrightened程度要轻一些。
fear强调恐惧的更是一些实际上还没有发生的、而自己担心可能会发生的事情,如I'm living in fear of dismissal.我一直生活在会被解雇的恐惧中。fear更加强调一种anxiety
scare强调一种比较突然的恐惧感,a sudden feeling of fear。但是语气强度和afraid差不多,都不算太强。
综上所述这四个词的不同之处主要在于语气强度和强调的恐惧类型的不一样。
cure treat 的用法区别
一、含义上的区别
用作动词时,两者均可表示治疗,但含义有所不同:cure 通常强调结果,指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病;而 treat 则通常强调过程,指对病人进行诊断和治疗,但不含治好的意思。比较:
A few days’ rest will cure you. 休息几天你的病就好了。
This medicine will cure your cough. 这药可治好你的咳嗽。
The dentist is treating my teeth. 牙科医生在给我看牙。
Is he able to treat this dia (the wound)? 他能治这病()?
二、搭配上的区别
注意以下两句 cure treat 所搭配的介词不同:
The doctors cured her of cancer. 医生治好了她的癌症。
Which doctor is treating you for your illness? 哪个医生在给你看病?
有时用于引申义。如: Parents try to cure their children of bad habits. 父母设法纠正孩子们的不良习惯。
三、词性上的区别
cure 表示治疗时,除用作动词外,还可用作名词。若表示……的治疗治疗……
方法,一般用介词 for。如:
Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 迄今癌症有无有效的治疗方法?
Scientists have so far failed to provide a cure for the common cold. 科学家们到目前为止还没有找到一种治疗普通感冒的方法。
注:treat表示治疗时,不能用作名词,它的名词形式是treatment。如:
I’m sure this treatment will help him (to) be cured. 我相信这种治疗将有助于他痊愈。
The lorry crashed into a queue of people, veral of whom had to have hospital treatment. 卡车冲进了一队人群之中,其中有几个不得不住院治疗。
一、 “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成一定做过某事,该结构只用于肯定句。
1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。
2. You must have been mad to speak to the rvant. 你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。
二、 “can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成不可能做过某事
1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。
三、 “can+have+done表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成可能做过……吗?
1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?
2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?
四、 “could+have+done是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
He could have pasd the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。
五、 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是可能已经也许已经,用于肯定句中。
—What has happened to George?
—I don't know. He may have got lost.
乔治发生了什么事?
——我不知道,他可能迷路了。
六、 “might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测,mightmay意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. 他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。
2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。
七、 “would+have+done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来会做
1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。
2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩。
八、 “should+have+done”意思是本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。
1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。
九、 “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。
I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。
You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。
十、 “need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+have+done”则表示本来不需要做某事而做了
I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。
He need have hurried to the station. In that ca, be wouldn't have misd the train. 他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。
would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
would rather +have done 当时宁愿做了 或没做
I would rather have refu his offer
agree to; agree with; agree on
(1) agree on 表示双方就某事达成一致意见。也常用于被动语态,表示“(某事)是双方都同意的”。例如:
The two sides agreed on a cea-fire. 双方达成了停火协议。
We have not agreed on the price yet. 我们还没有在价格上达成一致意见。
At last, the plan was agreed on. 最后,这项计划通过了。
(2) agree to 同意;赞成。to 为介词,后面常跟planproposalsuggestionarrangement, project等名词。例如:
We all agree to your proposal.我们都同意你的提议。
They agreed to Betty's plan for the summer holidays.他们同意Betty的暑假计划。
I dont really agree with what he said, but I do agree to the housing development project. 我不是很赞同他说的话,但我的确同意这个住房建设方案。
(3) agree with sb,表示“同意某人的意见”;也可接表示意见、想法、观点、决定等的名词,即 agree with one's viewsopinionswordsdecision或跟what 从句。例如:
His story does not agree with what I was told. 他的故事和我听说的不一致。
I completely agree with your views on the question.
我完全同意你对这个问题的看法。
She always agrees with us in words but oppos in deeds
她总是口头上赞成我们,行动上反对。
另外,agree with sb  还可表示 “适合(某人的健康或胃口)”,尤用于否定句或疑问句中。如:The climate there doesn't agree with him. 那里的气候对他不合适。
I like coffee, but unfortunately it doesnt agree with me.
我喜欢咖啡,但可惜喝了很不舒服。
(4)agree to do sth.同意、答应做某事。例如:
Do you agree to go with us if we agree to lend you some money?
如果我们答应借钱给你,你同意和我们一起去吗?
注:agree 后面不能接不定式的复合结构,所以“同意某人做某事”,不能翻译为 agree sb to do sth, 而应改用其他的说法。如:
他们同意我去海滩。
正:They agreed to let me go to the beach.
正:They agreed to my going to the beach.
误:They agreed me to go to the beach.
other than rather than
other than 不同于, 除了,与不同;与不同方式
There’s nobody here other than me.除了我这里没别人。
You can’t get there other than by swimming.你只能靠游泳游到那边去。
rather than 用来表示是。。。而不是。。。,通常连接两个并列成分
eg:He is an artist rather than a philosopher.
他是位艺术家而不是位哲学家。
I like apple rather than banana.
我喜欢苹果,而不是香蕉.
Rather than: 意思:而不是
THAN后面的是被否定的东西。重点落在前面。

Other than one sister, she has no clo relatives.
除了一个姐妹外,她没有其它近亲属了.
Other than:意思:除了以外;不包括
THAN后面的是被排除的东西。和前面部分没有比较的关系。
表示建议、命令等意义的虚拟语气
这种虚拟式用在suggest, demand, insist, move, order, propo, recommend, require, request等动词之后的that 分句中。That+(should) do

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