英语常用词性后缀
1.名词后缀
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debt
or
2)—acy,表示/性质,状态,境遇/ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
3)-ance, —ence表示/性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度/ importance, diligence, difference, obedience
4)-ancy, —ency,表示/性质,状态,行为,过程/ frequency, urgency, efficiency
5)—bility,表示/动作,性质,状态/ possibility, flexibility, feasibility
6)—dom,表示/等级,领域,状态/ freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7)—hood,表示/资格,身份,年纪,状态/ childhood, manhood, falhood
8)—ion, —sion, -tion, -ation, —ition,表示/行为的过程,结果,状况/ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
9)-ism,表示/制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为/ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
10)—ity,表示/性质,状态,程度/ purity, reality, ability, calamity
11)—ment,表示/行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
12)—ness,表示/性质,状态,程度/ goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship,表示/情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业/ hardship, membership, friendship
14)—th,表示/动作,性质,过程,状态/ depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
15)—tude,表示/性质,状态,程度/ latitude, altitude(海拔)
16)-ure,表示/行为,结果/ exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)
17—grapy,表示/……学,写法/ biography, calligraphy, geography
18)—ic, ics,表示/……学……法/ logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
19)—ology,表示/……学……论/biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
20)—nomy,表示/……学……术/ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
2.形容词后缀
1.-able
(1)v。+able→adj。 “可以(被)……的”、“适合于……的"、“值得……的”等,即有被动含义。
reliable(可以依靠的),drinkable(可以饮用的 ),eatable(可食用的)
(2)n.+able→adj. “具有……特点的”
valuable(有价值的),reasonable( 有道理的),comfortable(舒适的)。
2.-ible terrible, horrible, invisible, possible。
3.-al”意为“属于……的”、“有……特性的”。
actual, general, international, medical, mental, moral, natural, official, veral, special, usual 4.-an /-ian 加国名、地名后American, African, Asian, Australian, Canadian, Indian, Italian
-e / Chine, Japane.
6.-ant “……性的”。“-ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是-ance或-ancy后缀.
instant(instance),distant(distance),important(importance),brilliant(brilliancy),constant(constancy),pleasant
7.-ent “-ent”与“-ant"非常相似。
abnt(abnce),different(difference),excelle nt(excellence),patient(patience),prent(prence).
8.-ar / popular, particular, regular
9.-ary / contrary, necessary, ordinary, primary, revolutionary