Charlenekoo
英国文学史：
Beowulf:
✧ The national epic of the English people.
✧ Beowulf is the nephew of Hygelac, King of the Geats, a people in Jutland, Denmark.
✧ The most striking features: the u of alliteration头韵
✧ Other features are the u of metaphors and of understatements.隐喻/低调陈述
Romance传奇故事:
✧ the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance
The Ballads:
✧ The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad.
Geoffrey Chaucer:
✧ The founder of English realism / founder of English poetry, born 1340.
✧ The father of English poetry / the father of English fiction
✧ The heroic couplet英雄双韵体
✧ The Canterbury Tales: prologue(前言)、20个完整的故事、还有四个故事残篇。
✧ The Prologue provides a framework for the tales.(前言)
✧ He is the first great people who wrote on the English language.
⏹ 文艺复兴时期：
Thomas More:
✧ Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation between More and Hyhloday, a returned voyage.—pro散文
Christopher Marlowe:
✧ Three plays:
Tamburlaine / The Jew of Malta / Doctor Faustus
William Shakespeare：
✧ One of the founders of Realism in English literature.
✧ Skilled in many poetic forms
✧ A great master of the English language.
✧ 154 sonnets and 2 long poems.
✧ 10 historical plays
作品分成三个时期:
1st: 1590-1594
✧ The Comedy of Errors《错误的戏剧》
✧ The Two Gentlemen of Verona《维罗纳的二绅士》
✧ The Taming of the Shrew《驯悍记》
✧ Love ‘s Labor’s Lost《爱的徒劳》
✧ Romeo and Juliet(earliest great success in tragedy)
2nd: 1595-1600 喜剧为主
✧ Midsummer Night’s Dream / The Merchant of Venice / As You Like It / Twelfth Night
✧ The Merry Wives of Windsor / Much Ado about Nothing
✧ 5 historical plays / Sonnets
3rd:1601-1607悲剧为主
✧ 悲剧：Hamlet / Othello/ King Lear / Macbeth / Timon of Athens《雅典的泰门》
Othello: shows that noble-minded people may be led astray by evil forces in a evil society and commit heinous mistakes if they cannot distinguish falhood from truth, and evil from good. It is a tragedy of humanism / it is also a tragedy of the colored people in a society of racial prejudice.
✧ 喜剧：Troilus and Cressida /All is Well That Ends Well《吉人天相》 / Measure for Measure《以牙还牙》
✧ 2 Roman tragedies: Antony and Cleopatra / Coriolanus
⏹ 17世纪文学：
John Milton:
✧ A master of the blank ver/ a great stylist.
✧ Lycidas《利西达斯》—elegy挽歌
✧ 1665 Paradi Lost—long epic in 12 books, written in blank ver—main idea: a revolt against God’s authority.
✧ 1671 Paradi Regained—epic
✧ 1671 Samson Agonistes—poetical drama.
John Bunyan:
✧ The Pilgrim’s Process—religious allegory宗教寓言
John Donne:
✧ The founder of Metaphysical School玄学派诗人的创始者
✧ The Flea《跳蚤》—求爱
✧ Holy Sonnets《圣十四行诗》
✧ Seeks out complex rhythms and strange images.
George Herbert:
✧ The saint of the Metaphysical school.
✧ The Altar《祭坛》
⏹ 18世纪文学：
Daniel Defoe:
✧ The father of English and European novels英国小说之父
✧ Captain Singleton,1720 / Moll Flanders, 1722
✧ The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe --–one of the forerunners of the English realistic novel. It creates the image of an enterprising Englishman, typical of the English bourgeoisie of the 18th century.
鲁滨逊代表了资产阶级，Defoe在书中没有怪责黑人奴隶制。
Jonathan Swift:
✧ A great master of English pro. / A master of satirist and his irony is deadly.
✧ “Proper words in proper places, makes the true definition of a style”
✧ A Tale of a Tub / The Battle of the Books ---1704, made him well-known as a satirist.
✧ Bickerstaff Almanac-- 1708
✧ Gulliver’s Travels 1726 / A Modest Proposal 1729
⏹ 感伤主义与前浪漫主义—Sentimentalism(18c中) and Pre-Romanticism（18c后期）
Thomas Gray
✧ Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard(墓园挽歌)
William Blake
✧ Songs of Innocence: written for children, the best-known is The Lamb.
✧ Songs of Experience: the best-known are The Tiger, London and The Chimney-Sweeper.
✧ A Pre-Romantic or a forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century.
Robert Burns
✧ The greatest songwriter in the world. / the national poet of Scotland
✧ A Red, Red Ro / Auld Lang Syne / the Tree of Liberty
Romanticism浪漫主义
William Wordsworth
✧ Lake Poets / 1843, Poet Laureate桂冠诗人
✧ Lyrical Ballads（the break of classicism and the beginning of the Romantic Age）: L
ines Compod a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey《丁登寺旁》 / Lines Written in Early Spring《早春》/ I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud / The Solitary Reaper
✧ 自传体长诗：The Prelude
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
✧ A great poet and literary critic.
✧ The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》 / Kubla Khan / Christabel
⏹ 第二代浪漫主义诗人
George Gordon Byron
✧ Byronic hero拜伦式的英雄
✧ She Walks in Beauty / When We Two Parted / Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage / Don Juan
Percy Bysshe Shelley
✧ Prometheus Unbound（drama） / Ode to the West Wind / Love’s Philosophy
✧ Terza rima三行诗
John Keats
✧ Ode is the main form of poetry.
✧ Beauty is truth, truth beauty.—希腊古瓮颂， 诗人对美的颂歌。
✧ Endymion《恩底弥翁》 / the Eve of Saint Agnes / Hyperion《赫披里昂》 / Ode on a Grecian Urn / Ode to a Nightingale / Ode to Autumn
