《英语词汇学教程》（2015年版）练习答案
【Chapter 1】
7． tart: loo woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl
8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it ems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the a bade = bid
12.
Denizens Aliens Translation loans
Semantic loans
kettle die wall skirt husband
confrere pro patria Wunderkind mikado parvenu
chopstick typhoon
black humour long time no e
dream
13. 1) slangs; 2) jargon; 3) argot; 4) content words; 5) native words; 6) translation loans; 7) neologisms; 8) denizens; 9) mantic loans; 10) basic vocabulary
【Chapter 2】
1. The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the
world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and u them more appropriately.
2. Indo-European Language Family
Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian
Celtic Italic Hellenic
Germanic Hindi
Breton Spanish Greek English Lithuanian Persian Scottish French Dutch Prussian Irish Italian German Polish
Portugue Norwegian Bulgarian Roumanian Swedish Slovenian Icelandic
Russian
Danish
6. When in the cour of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth parate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the caus which impel them to the paration.
Most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin. What are left are mostly functional words. This shows that Greek and Latin play a very important part in the English vocabulary.
8. eventful [Latin + English] hydroplane [Greek + Latin]
falhood [ Latin + English] pacifist [Latin + Greek]
saxophone [German + Greek] heirloom [ French + English]
joss hou [ Portugue + English] television [Greek + Latin]
9. amateur (late) finacé (late) empire (early)
peace (E) courage (E) garage (L)
judgement (E) chair (E) chai (L)
grace (E) rvant (E) routine (L)
jealous (E) savaté (L) genre (L)
gender (E) début (L) morale (L)
state (E) chez (L) ballet (L)
11. allegro, f 轻快
andante, j 行板
diminuendo, g 渐弱
largo, d 缓慢
pianoforte, a 轻转慢
alto, i 女低音
crescendo, b 渐强
forte, e 强
piano, h 轻
soprano, c 女高音
12. cherub (Hebrew) snorkel (G)
coolie (Hindi) tulip (Turk)
lasso (Sp) wok (Ch)
shampoo (Indian) chocolate (Mex)
tepee (Am Ind) jubilee (Gr)
kibitz (G) Sabbath (Heb)
chipmunk (Am Ind) tamale (Mex)
cotton (Arab) voodoo (Afr)
loot (Hindi) sauerbraten (G)
13. a. alligator b. loco
c. rodeo
d. bonanza
e. igloo
f. blitzkrieg
g. wigwam h. canoe
i. hurricane j. boomerang
k. ponchos
【Chapter 3】
1. a. morpheme b. allomorph
c. bound morpheme
d. free morpheme
e. affix
f. inflectional affix
g. derivational affix h. root
i. stem j. ba
6. individualistic undesirables
individualist [stem, ba] undesirable [stem, ba]
individual [stem, ba] desirable [stem, ba]
dividual [stem, ba] desire [root, stem, ba] dividu [root, stem, ba]
7.
free morpheme = free root
morpheme bound root
bound morpheme inflectional affix
affix prefix
derivational affix
suffix
【Chapter 4】
Affixation
5. non-smoker incapable impractical
disobey incurity irrelevant
immature inability/disability unofficially
unwillingness illegal disagreement
illogical disloyal inconvenient
non-athletic
6. harden horrify modernize
memorize falsify apologize
deepen glorify sterilize
lengthen intensify beautify
fatten sympathize
a. apologized
b. beautify
c. lengthening
d. sympathized
e. fattening
f. falsify
g. memorizing h. Sterilize
7. a. employee b. politician c. participant
d. waitress
e. conductor
f. teacher
g. pianist h. examinee/examiner
8. trans- = across: transcontinental, trans-Siberian
mono- = one: monorail, monoculture
super- = over, above: superstructure, supernatural
auto- = lf: autobiography, automobile
sub- = below: subdivide, subction
mal- = bad, badly: malpractice, malnutrition
inter-= between: international, interdependent
mini- = little, small: mini-library, miniskirt
pre- = before: prehistorical, preelection
ex- = former:ex-president, ex-convict
Compounding
2.heartbeat [S + V] brainwashing [V + O]
movie-goer [V + Adverbial (place)] baking powder [ V + Adverbial (instrument)] far-reaching [V + Adverbial] dog-tired [noun-adverbial + adj.]
lion-hearted [noun-adverbial + adj.] love-sick [noun-adverbial + adj.]
boyfriend [S + complement] peace-loving [V +O]
snap decision [V + O] easy chair [ S+ C]
on-coming [V +adv] tax-free [noun-adverbial + adj.]
light-blue [adj + adj] goings-on [V +adv]
3. well-bred / well-behaved culture-bound / homebound
needle-work / homework praiworthy / trustworthy
bar-woman / sportswoman nation-wide / college-wide
clear-minded / strong-minded military-style / western-style
lf-control / lf-respect budget-related / politics-related
water-proof / fire-proof once-fashionable / once-powerful
news-film / news-letter mock-attack / mock-sadness
sister-in-law / father-in-law home-baked / home-produced
half-way / half-done ever-lasting / ever-green
age-conscious / status-conscious campus-bad / market-bad
Conversion
7. a. stomach [n → v]
b. room [n → v]
c. wolf [n → v]
d. come / go [v → n]
e. familiar [a → n]
f. innocent [a → n]
g. flat [a → v]
h. ah / ouch [int → v]
i. warm [a → n]
j. has-been / might-have-been [finite v → n]
k. Hamlet [proper n → v]
l. buy [v → n]
m. smooth [a → v]
Blending
motel (mo tor + ho tel) 汽车旅馆
humint (hum an + int elligence) 人工情报，谍报
advertitics (adverti ment + statis tics) 广告统计学
psywarrior (psy chological warrior) 心理战战士
hoverport (hover craft + port) 气垫船港口
chunnel (ch annel + t unnel) 水底火车隧道
hi-fi (hi gh + fi delity) 高保真
cinemactress (cinem a + actress) 电影女演员
Clipping
copter (heli copter): front clipping dorm (dorm itory): back clipping
lab (lab oratory) :front clipping prefab (pref abricated hou): phra clipping gas (gas oline): front clipping prof (prof essor): back clipping
scope (tele scope): front clipping champ (champ ion): back clipping
sarge (rge ant): back clipping mike (mic rophone): back clipping
ad (ad vertiment): back clipping tec (de tec tive): front and back clipping
